الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical and biological effects of ginger and turmeric as medicinal herbs on osteoporosis rats. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, involving inflammation and major structural changes of the joint, causing pain and functional disability. Pain and stiffness, particularly after exercise, are the major symptoms. There is discordance between symptoms and radiographic changes, with some sufferers not experiencing symptoms, but showing osteoarthritic changes on X-ray. Major chemical constituent’s (moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, total digestible nutrients, ash, carbohydrate) of ginger and turmeric was determined. Also, phosphorous, calcium, volatile compounds and phytochemicals were determined to the same tested samples.
Fourty eight non-pregnant female Albino rats weighing (160 to 210 g) were taken and divided into eight groups, each with (6) rats. The first group is the negative control (-) group and fed on basal diet for (8) weeks. The other groups injected with beta methasone (4 mg / kg bw) three times per week for three weeks to induce osteoporosis, Positive control group (+) which fed on basal diet only but the other groups fed on basal diet with different doses (10 -15%) from ginger, turmeric and mixture of them. The results revealed that all groups fed on basal diet and administrated with different doses of ginger and turmeric (10 -15%) had significant decrease in liver function (ALT, AST), phosphorus, total calcium, ionized calcium comparing with the positive control group (injected with prednisone acetate). On the other hand, x-ray and histopathology of the positive control group after two months revealed bone loss of different parts such as fibula, tibia and femur in addition to bone demineralization, femoral fracture and fibula bone trabexculae showed dystrophy and resorption and osteoporosis. These findings revealed that ginger and turmeric treatment attenuated and treated degrees to osteoporosis in compare to positive control group.