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العنوان
EFFECT OF SOME POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION
SOURCES ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
OF BANANA PLANTS /
المؤلف
ABO-HAMDA, BSSAM TAHA ISMAIL HASAN.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / بسام طه إسماعيل حسن أبوحمدة
مشرف / حسين محمود الحناوى
مشرف / أحمد عبدالحميد عوض
مناقش / أيمن السيد أحمد شعبان
تاريخ النشر
2021.
عدد الصفحات
143 P. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
البساتين
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2021
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - قسم البساتين
الفهرس
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Abstract

The present study was performed through the 2017 and 2018 seasons on the first and second ratoon of cv. “Williams” banana plants grown in a private orchard, located at El-Tahadi region, Cairo Alexandria desert road, Behaira governorate, Egypt and included three separate experiments.
The first experiment: studied the effect of different slow release potassium fertilizer rates (100%, 75% and 50%) added at three times (mid March, mid June and mid September) on growth and productivity of Williams banana plants.
The experiment included six fertilization treatments as follows:
T1: Control (1.6 kg potassium sulphate /plant/year 100%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T2: (1.6 kg slow release potassium/plant/year 100%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T3: (1.2 kg slow release potassium/ plant/year 75%) (600 g K2O/plant/year).
T4: (1.2 kg slow release potassium 75%) + (400 g) potassium sulphate/plant/year (25%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T5: (800 g slow release potassium/plant/year 50%) (400 g K2O/plant/year).
T6: (800 g slow release potassium 50%) + (800 g) potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
The second experiment: studied the effect of different rates of feldspar (100%,75% and 50%) and Bacillus circulansbacteria (250 - 500 ml/plant) added at three times (mid March, mid June and mid September) on growth and productivity of Williams banana plants.
The experiment included seven fertilization treatments as follows:
T1: Control (1.6kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%) (800g K2O/plant/year).
T2: (9 kg) feldspar + (250 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant/year (100% (800 g K2O/plant/year)).
T3: (9 kg) feldspar + (500 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant/year (100%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T4: (6.75 kg) feldspar 75%) + (250 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant + (400 g potassium sulphate/plant /year 25%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T5: (6.75 kg feldspar 75%) + (500 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant + (400 g potassium sulphate/plant/year 25%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T6: (4.5 kg) feldspar 50%) + (250 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant + (800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year 50%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T7: (4.5 kg feldspar 50%) + (500 ml) Bacillus circulans/plant + (800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year 50%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
The third experiment: studied the effect of different rates of wood ash amended with potassium citrate (100%,75% and 50%) added at three times (mid March, mid June and mid September) on growth and productivity of Williams banana plants.
The present experiment included six fertilization treatments as follows:
T1: Control (1.6 kg potassium sulphate/plant/year 100%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T2: (9 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate/plant/year 100%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T3: (6.75 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate/plant/year 75%) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T4: (6.75 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate 75%) + (400 g) potassium sulphate /plant/year (25%)(800 g K2O/plant/year).
T5: (4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate/plant/year 50 %) (800 g K2O/plant/year).
T6: (4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate 50%) + (800 g) potassium sulphate/plant / year (50%)(800 g K2O/plant/year).
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
The first experiment
1. Pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumference (cm) and number of green leaves/ plant: the highest no. of green leaves/plant were recorded by the treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} in both seasons. While, pseudostem height and pseudostem circumference parameters were not significantly affected by treatments in the two seasons.
2. Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area (m2)and total assimilation area (m2 /plant): the highest values of leaf chlorophyll and total assimilation area were registered by treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} in the two seasons.Whereas leaf area parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in both seasons.
3. Leaf macro element content: the highest values of leafN,P and K (%) were scored by the treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)}compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%)}in the first and second seasons.
4. Leaf micro element content: the highest values of leaf Fe, Zn and Mn(ppm) were recorded by the treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium/plant/year (100%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100 %)}in both seasons.
5. Yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight (kg) and bunch length (cm): the highest values of yield and bunch weight were registered by treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium/plant/year (100%)}(T2) compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100 %)} in the first and second seasons.In the second seasons, the tallest bunch was recorded by T2-fertilized plants. Whereas, the bunch length parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the first season.
6. No. of hands/bunch, no. of fingers/hand and hand weight (kg): the highest number of hands/bunch, number of fingers/ hand and the heaviest hand weight were recorded by treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium/plant/year (100%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%)}in the two seasons.
7. Finger weight (g), finger length (cm) and finger circumference (cm): the heaviest finger weight, highest values of finger length and finger circumference were listed by treatment of {(1.6 kg ) slow release potassium/plant/year (100%)}compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%)}in the first and second seasons .
8. Finger pulp weight (g),finger peel weight (g) and pulp/peel (ratio): the heaviest significantly finger pulp and pulp/peel ratio were registered by treatment of {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} in the two seasons compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100 %)} scored the lowest values of finger peel weight in the first season while, treatment of {(800 g) slow release potassium (50%) + (800 g) potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} gave the lowest values in the second season.
9. TSS (%) TA (%) and TSS/TA (ratio): the highest values of fruits TSS, TSS/TA were recorded by {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%)}in both seasons. While, total acidity (TA) parameter registered the highest values by treatment {(800 g) slow release potassium/plant/year (50%)} and control treatments during the studied seasons.
10. Total sugars (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g): the highest values of total sugar in fruitsand ascorbic acid were recorded by {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} in both seasons compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100 %)} in the first and the second seasons.
11. Total yield income/feddan (1000 LE)and net return/feddan (1000 LE): the highest values of total yield income/feddan and net return/feddan were scored by {(1.6 kg) slow release potassium /plant/year (100%)} in both seasons. While, control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100 %)}and treatment of {(800 g) slow release potassium/plant/year (50%)} scored the lowest values in the two seasons.
The second experiment
1. Pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumference (cm) and no. of green leaves/ plant: the highest values of pseudostem height and pseudostem circumference were recorded by treatment{(4.5 kg feldspar (50%)+ 500 ml B.c+ 800 g potassium sulphate /plant / year (50%)} (T7) in both seasons. On the other hand, the lowest values scored by control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}in the two seasons. The highest no. of green leaves/plant scored by treatment (T7) in the second seasons. Whereas the no. of green leaves/plant parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the first season.
2. Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area (m2) and total assimilation area (m2/plant): the highest values of leaf chlorophyll, leaf area and total assimilation area were scored by treatment of {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant / year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}which gave the lowest values in both seasons.
3. Leaf macro element content: the highest values of leaf N, P and K (%)were recorded by the treatment {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year (50%)} on the contrary, control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}gave the lowest values during studied seasons.
4. Leaf micro element content: the highest leaf Fe,Zn and Mn(ppm) were registered by the treatment of {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassiumsulphate/plant/year (50%)} meanwhile, control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} scored the lowest values in the two seasons.
5. Yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight and (kg) bunch length (cm): the highest values of yield and bunch weight were recorded by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} on the contrary, control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}gave the lowest values in both seasons.Whereas the bunch length parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the two seasons.
6. No. of hands/bunch, no. of fingers/hand and hand weight (kg): the highest number of fingers/hand and the heaviest hand were listed by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in the two seasons.Whereas no. of hands/bunch parameterwas not significantly affected by treatments during studied seasons.
7. Finger weight (g), finger length (cm) and finger circumference (cm): the heaviest finger, highest values of finger length and finger circumference were scored by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant / year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}in both seasons.
8. Finger pulp weight (g), finger peel weight (g) and pulp/peel (ratio): the heaviest finger pulp and pulp/peel (ratio) were recorded by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in the first and second seasons. While, the lowest values of finger peel weightwas affected by treatment of {(4. 5 kg feldspar (50%) + 250 ml Bacillus circulans/plant + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year (50%) in the first season and by control treatment in the second season.
9. TSS (%) TA (%) and TSS/TA (ratio): the highest values of fruits TSS, TSS/TA (ratio) and lowest values of total acidity (TA) were affected by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}in both seasons.
10. Total sugars (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g): thehighest values of total sugars and ascorbic acid in fruits were scored by {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment{(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in the two studied seasons.
11. Total yield income/feddan(1000 LE) and net return/feddan (1000 LE): the highest values of total yield income/feddanwas recorded by treatment of {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 500 ml B.c + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant / year (50%)} and net return/feddan was recorded by treatment of {(4.5 kg feldspar (50%) + 250 ml Bacilluscirculans /plant + 800 g potassium sulphate /plant/year (50%) in both seasons .On the other hand,control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} and treatment of {(9 kg feldspar (100%) + 250 ml Bacillus circulans/plant/year)}scored the lowest values in the two seasons .
The third experiment
1. Pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumference (cm) and number of green leaves/ plant: the highest values of pseudostemheight, pseudostem circumference and number of green leaves/ plant were achieved by treatment of {(4.5 kgwood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)}.The lowest value srecoded by control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}in both seasons.
2. Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area (m2) and total assimilation area (m2 /plant): the highest leaf chlorophyll, leaf area and total assimilation area values were scored by {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50%) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in the two seasons.
3. Leaf macro element content: the highest values of leaf N, K (%) in both seasons and P(%) in the second season were registered by {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)}. Whereas, the leaf P (%) parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the first season.
4. Leaf micro element content: the highest values of leaf Fe, Zn and Mn (ppm) were obtained by {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50%) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} during the studied seasons.
5. Yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight (kg) and bunch length (cm): the highest values of yield and bunch weight were recorded by {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in two seasons. While, bunch length parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in both seasons.
6. No. of hands/ bunch, no. of fingers/hand and hand weight (kg): the highest number of hands /bunch,number of fingers/ hand and the heaviest hand were recorded by {(4.5 kgwood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassiumsulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in the first and second seasons.
7. Finger weight (g), finger length (cm) and finger circumference (cm): the highest values of finger weight and finger circumference were recorded by the treatment of {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} in both seasons. Whereas, the finger length (cm) parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the two seasons.
8. Finger pulp weight (g), finger peel weight (g) and pulp/peel (ratio): the heaviest finger pulp and significantly pulp/peel (ratio) were recorded by {(4.5 kgwood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} compared to the control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} in both seasons. While, finger peel weight parameter gave the lowest values by (T6) treatment in the first season, whereas, this parameter was not significantly affected by treatments in the second season.
9. TSS (%) TA (%) and TSS/TA (ratio): the highest values of TSS fruits,TSS/TA and the lowest values of TA (%) were registered by the {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} in both seasons.
10. Total sugars (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g): the highest values of total sugars and ascorbic acid in fruits were recorded by {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50%) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} mean while control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year)} gave the lowest values in the two seasons.
11. Total yield income/feddan(1000 LE)and net return/feddan (1000 LE): the highest values were scored by the {(4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate (50 %) + 800 g potassium sulphate/plant/year (50%)} in both seasons.While, control treatment {(1.6 kg) potassium sulphate/plant/year (100%)} scored the lowest values in the two seasons.

RECOMMENDATION
1. Williams banana plants grown in sandy soils fertilized by(100%)1.6 kg slow release potassium(800 g K2O /plant/year) achieved the highest yield, bunch weight, number of hands/bunch, hand weight, finger pulp weight, TSS, total sugars (%), yield income and net return/feddan under similar conditions of this study in the first and second seasons.
2. Fertilized Williams banana plants grown in sandy soils by(50%) 4.5 kgfeldspar + (50%) 800 g potassium sulphate+(500 ml) Bacillus circulansobtained the highest yield, bunch weight, hand weight., finger pulp weight, TSS, total sugars (%), yield income and net return/feddan in the two seasons.Whereas rate (50%)feldspar + (50%) potassium sulphate + (250 ml) Bacillus circulansgave the highest values of net return/feddan under similar conditions of this study in both seasons.
3. Williams banana plants grown in sandy soils fertilized with(50%) 4.5 kg wood ash amended with potassium citrate + (50%) 800 g potassium sulphate achieved the highest yield, bunch weight, hand weight, finger pulp weight, TSS, total sugars(%)and yield income and net return/feddan during the studied seasons.