الفهرس 
DNA principles, Structure, and SourcesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The DNA analysis is widely used now in many fields such as clinical pathology, forensic science and genetics. The informational content of DNA is encoded in the various combinations and alternations of the sequences of the four nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. Forensics and DNA profiling laboratories have greatly benefited from the application of the PCR which has the capability to obtain millions of repeats of special DNA repeated units in few hours. Disputed paternity cases are of the most challenging cases facing forensic laboratories and at the same time the results influence the community. In this study, 48 trio cases were studied using 15 STR loci together with the aid of questionnaire to which the involved individuals were subjected to answer it in order to correlate the socio-demographic factors influencing disputed paternity cases. Cases were collected at EFMA Medical laboratory, DNA unit during the period from 1st September 2016 to 31st August 2017 (one year). Blood samples were collected from 153 individuals (from the 48 trio cases) which were then extracted, amplified and detected revealing DNA profiles which were then subjected to interpretation to determine inclusion/exclusion results. Statistical analysis of the socio-demographic parameters using the software SPSS version 20 as well as MS excel software for the analysis of DNA profiles were performed which revealed the following:
47.9% exclusion, 47.9% inclusion and 4.2% exclusion and inclusion in the same case.
Highest percent of involved governorates was Cairo (23%).
Mean age of Alleged fathers was 39.8 years, while for mothers was30.4 years.
43.8% of Alleged fathers were laborers, while 83.3% of mothers were housewives.
Marital status for involved cases was 85.4% married (legal/Uorfy).
Only 37.5% of those involved in disputed paternity cases had no history of other marriage 77% of involved children were below 5 years.
87.5% of cases included only one child.
43.8% of cases did not issue birth certificates for the children and 29.2% of involved children did not receive obligatory vaccines.
Exclusion from 11 loci showed maximum occurrence (21%).
Frequency of exclusion was highest at FGA (60%), while lowest frequency of exclusion was D13S317 (21%).
Homozygosity among 153 individuals showed highest % of individuals (30%) for 3 loci resembling 80 % heterozygosity.
Frequency of alleles in different loci showed highest % for allele 8 in TPOX locus (42%), and least at allele 24 in FGA locus (16%).