الفهرس 
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Abstract
The primary goals of root canal treatment are to completely eliminate pulp tissue, debris and microorganisms and their by-products from the root canal system. Mechanical preparation of root canal system is mandatory to facilitate irrigation solution to reach apical part.
Passive syringe irrigation is the most classical used technique of irrigation while it has some drawbacks that negatively affect the quality of the irrigation.
So, the machine assisted irrigation devices are used to overcome problems of passive syringe irrigation. One of these devices is EndoActivator system that has the idea of cavitation and acoustic streaming. Another device is EndoVac system that allows irrigation to reach full working length without the risk of apical extrusion owning to the negative apical pressure effect.
Many studies compared the effect of EndoActivator and EndoVac in comparison to passive syringe irrigation. This study aimed to assess the effect of combination of EndoActivator and EndoVac in comparison to passive syringe irrigation.
Samples were collected and prepared to the same apical size and taper and autoclaving at 121o C for 20 minutes. Enterococcus faecalis was inoculated into samples for 21 days then they were divided into 4 groups according to method of irrigation delivery. Following treatment samples were sectioned and scanned under confocal laser scanning microscope to detect the percentage of dead bacteria.
This study concluded that no technique can completely remove bacteria from root canal system. Although there was no statistically significant difference between EndoActivator and EndoVac and the combination between EndoActivator and EndoVac in term of bacterial reduction. EndoVac showed the best one in bacterial reduction. All techniques showed better results than passive syringe irrigation. So further combinations with other irrigation devices may show better effect and enhance the treatment outcome.