الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
critical illness with severe pulmonary or cardiac failure is
associated with high mortality. Advances in lungprotective
strategies and cardiac assist devices 1, 2 have helped
to improve survival for patients with lung or heart failure.
However, even if evidenced-based best practices are followed,
mortality rates can still be as high as 30 to 40% for patients
with ARDS and 50% for patients with cardiac failure. 3
Although initially introduced for the support of infants
with severe respiratory failure, (ECMO) has gradually become
the standard of care for the support of patients with
complications of many forms of congenital heart disease. The
ability to support both a patient‘s circulation and gas exchange
has allowed many patients with transient cardiopulmonary
failure to survive after complex repairs or with severe
physiologic derangement such as pulmonary hypertension. 4
It has become essential tool in the care of adults and
children with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction
refractory to conventional management. 5, 6 Nowadays ECMO
has become more reliable with improvement in equipment, and
increased experience, which is reflected in improving results.