الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Microwave irradiation proved effectiveness in the simultaneously dye extraction and dye-uptake of wool, silk, as well as, wool/polyester blend fabrics with safflower yellow colorant materials. This leads to save the processing time and energy and offers better environmental impact as it helps much dye-uptake and enhancement dye affinity. The kinetics of dyeing wool, silk and wool/polyester using safflower colorant materials extracted simultaneous by different heating technique was analyzed by monitoring UV-Vis absorption spectra of reaction solution. Increasing dyeing time led to fast dyeing rate during the dyeing processes on using both heating techniques. All dye molecules were adsorbed onto fabrics even though different dyeing times. The fabrics dyeing with safflower dye included two stages, fast initial stage and slow second stage. The dyeing stage followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm becomes appropriate for the description of absorption in this study. The fastness properties ranged from fair to good when using traditional heating while it ranged from very good to excellent when using microwave irradiation. Preparation of TiO2 by using microwave irradiation proved that the smallest particle size of TiO2 NPs has been achieved at (90 watt, 10 min) by using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) .Treatment of dyed fabrics by the prepared TiO2 in nano form imparted excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (G-), and Staphylococcus aurous (G+) strains and showed self- cleaning property.
The original work of this thesis comprises three main parts:
Part 1: In this part, Optimization of a non-traditional extraction process of yellow colorant from safflower petals is described.
Part 2: In this part, kinetic studies for dyeing process and mechanical properties are studied.
Part 3: In this part, treatment of textiles by prepared TiO2 in nano form to impart the self-cleaning & antibacterial property is discussed.
Key words: Textile dyeing, Microwave irradiation, kinetics, Ti