الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted in the Regional Centre for Food and Feed Minister of Agriculture, Egypt to investigate the effect on some major elements (phosphorus) on growth performance and blood parameters in (Oreochromis niloticus) under Egyptian condition
The experimental period was lasted 12 weeks from 1st of Octobrer 2015 to the 1st of January 2016
1. Experimental design:
This study was carried out using 24 fiber glass aquariums of 60 liter each (60 x 40 x 25 cm) 10 fish each, representing twelve treatments with two replicates per treatment as follow:
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) initial weight (25g) in the all treatment were fed diet contained 30% protein and 3848 kcal energy/digestible energy, Fish in these treatments were fed on the diet containing 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1% of mono calcium phosphate, mono potassium phosphate and mono sodium phosphate as sources of phosphorus to the end of the experimental. The fish diet was offered at a rate of 3 % of tilapia biomass at weight.
The results obtained could by summarized as follows:
1. Growth traits:
1- Daily gain
The highest value of daily gain was in treatment (12), Mono calcium phosphate the highest value of daily gain as a source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 0.9% phosphorus gave the highest value of daily gain
2-Specific growth rate
Treatment (12) gave the highest value of specific growth rate compared with the other treatments, Mono calcium phosphate the highest value of Specific growth rate as a source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 0.9% phosphorus gave the highest value of Specific growth rate
3- Protein efficiency ratio
The highest value of (PER) was in treatment (12), Mono sodium phosphate gave the highest value of (PER) as source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 1.1% phosphorus gave the highest value of (PER)
4- Food conversion ratio
The highest value (the worst) was recorded with treatment (8), Mono potassium phosphate gave the highest value of (FCR) as source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 1.1% phosphorus gave the highest value of (FCR)
2-Body Chemical Composition
1- Whole body protein content
The highest value of whole body protein content was in treatment (3), Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of whole body protein as source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 0.9% phosphorus gave the highest value of whole body protein content
2- Whole body lipid content:
The highest value of whole body lipid content was in treatment (9), Mono potassium phosphate gave the highest value of whole body lipid as source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 1.1% Phosphorus gave the highest value of whole body lipid content
3- Whole body Ash content:
The highest value of whole body ash content was in treatment (12) Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of whole body ash as source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 0.9% phosphorus gave the highest value of whole body ash content.
Blood Parameters
1- Effect of phosphorus diet on phosphorus in blood:
The highest value of Phosphorus in blood in treatment (4), Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of phosphorus in blood as the source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 1.1% phosphorus gave the highest value of Phosphorus in blood.
2- Effect of phosphorus diet on the Packed cell Volume:
The highest value of packed cell volume (PCV) in blood in treatment (1), Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of Packed cell volume (PCV) as the source of phosphorus, and the diet containing with 0.9% Phosphorus gave the highest value of (PCV)
3- Effect of phosphorus diet on the level of Hemoglobin:
The highest value of Hemoglobin (Hb) in blood in treatment (9) while the, Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of Hemoglobin (Hb) in blood as the source of phosphorus , and the diet containing with 0.9% Phosphorus gave the highest value of (Hb)
4- Effect of phosphorus diet on white Blood Cell:
The highest value of white blood cell (WBC) in blood in treatment (12), Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of white blood cell (WBC) in blood, as the source of phosphorus and the diet containing with 0.9% Phosphorus gave the highest value of (WBC).
5- Effect of phosphorus diet on Red Blood Cell:
The highest value of Red blood cell (RBC) in blood in treatment (12), Mono calcium phosphate gave the highest value of Red blood cell (RBC) as the source of phosphorus in blood, and the diet containing with 0.9% phosphorus gave the highest value of Red blood cell (RBC).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the present study showed the mono calcium phosphate represented the highest significant (p<0.05) value of growth and blood parameters in Tilapia fish.
Concerning levels of phosphorus the result clearly indicated that the 0.9% phosphorus level recorded the significant (p<0.05) highest growth and blood parameters in (Orecochromis Niloticus).
Based on observed growth performance it could be stated that dietary phosphorus requirement for Nile Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) fingerlings was 1.1% mono sodium phosphate.