الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 111 |  |  |
| | | from | 111 | | |
Abstract
This study was carried out during two successive seasons, (2015and 2016) in a private orchard located at Ismailia governorate, Egypt. The experiment studied effect of kaolin and calcium carbonate each at 3, 5 and 7% applied on three different dates the first October, November and December on the vegetative growth, leaf pigments and mineral contents, flowering, fruit set and yield, physical and chemical properties of fruit and oil properties of Kalamata and Manzanillo olive trees.
The results could be summarized as follows:
Kalamata trees
1. Highest shoot length was obtained when CaCo37% applied in Nov. and CaCo35% in Des. However, the least shoot length was obtained from control.
2. Shoot diameter varied significantly according to the used studied treatments, where, highest shoot diameter were obtained from Al2Si2O5(OH)47% in Dec. and CaCo35% in Des.
3. All treatments increased significantly leaf area compared to the control.
4. Highest leaf content of total chlorophyll was obtained from CaCO37% in Nov. The least leaf content of total chlorophyll were obtained from CaCO33% in Nov.
5. Leaf N percentage was differed significantly according to investigated the studied treatments, where, highest leaf N percentage heavier were obtained from CaCo33% in Nov. as well as using CaCo35% in Oct., in contrasted to the control.
6. Leaf P percentage was higher when CaCo3 (3, 5, 7%) in Nov., in contrast to the control in first season only.
7. Leaf K percentage was higher by using kaolin during Oct. and Nov., in contrast to the control.
8. Calcium carbonate sprayed during Oct. and Nov. had a significant influence on increasing leaf content of Ca
9. leaf content of Fe was higher when using calcium carbonate used followed by Kaolin.
10. Leaf content of Zn differed significantly between the studied treatments, trees sprayed with B kaolin 3% gave the highest Leaf content of Zn, while the control treatment produced the lowest Leaf content of Zn.
11. All treatments increased significantly Leaf content of Mn compared to the control.
12. Calcium carbonate 7% in Dec. treatment had a significant influence on increasing inflorescences shoot and flowers No. / inflorescence, in contrast to the control.
13. Sex percentage, fruit set percentage and yield was higher by using calcium carbonate 7% in Dec., in contrast to the control.
14. All treatments showed different effect on fruit physical and chemical properties during the two studied seasons.
15. Generally, the obtained results proved that spraying olive trees with calcium carbonate 7% in Dec. was the promising treatment for good fruit set and yield.
Manzanillo trees
1. Highest shoot length was obtained when kaolin3% in Nov. and CaCO3 5% in Dec.
2. Shoot diameter varied significantly according to the studied treatments used, where, highest shoot diameter were obtained from Al2Si2O5(OH)47% in Dec. and CaCO37% in Dec.
3. All treatments increased significantly leaf area compared to the control.
4. Highest leaf content of total chlorophyll was obtained from CaCO37% in Nov. The least leaf content of total chlorophyll was obtained from CaCo33% in Nov.
5. Leaf N percentage was differed significantly according to investigated the studied treatments, where, N percentage heavier were obtained from kaolin7% in Des.
6. Leaf P percentage was higher when CaCO3 (3, 5, 7%) in Nov., in contrast to the control.
7. Leaf K percentage was higher by using calcium carbonate during Nov., in contrast to the control.
8. Leaf Calcium carbonate sprayed during Oct. and Nov. had a significant influence on increasing leaf content of Ca
9. Leaf content of Fe was higher when using kaolin used followed by calcium carbonate in Oct.
10. Leaf content of Zn differed significantly between the studied treatments, trees sprayed with B kaolin 3% gave the highest Leaf content of Zn ,while the control treatment produced the lowest Leaf content of Zn.
11. All treatments increased significantly Leaf content of Mn compared to the control.
12. kaolin 7% in Des. treatment had a significant influence on increasing, no. inflorescences/shoot. On the other hand calcium carbonate 7% in Des. had a significant influence on increasing no. flowers/inflorescence, in contrast to the control.
13. Sex percentage, fruit set percentage and yield was higher by using calcium carbonate 7% in Des, in contrast to the control.
14. all treatments were different effect of fruit physical and chemical properties during the two study seasons.
Generally, the obtained results proved that spraying olive trees under study sprayed with calcium carbonate 7% in Dec. was the promising treatment for good fruit set and yield.