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العنوان
EFFICIENCY AND BEHAVIOR OF CERTAIN PESTICIDES ON KEY PESTS INFESTING VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT /
المؤلف
Abd El-Aziz, Badiaa Badr Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / بديعة بدر محمد عبدالعزيز
مشرف / سيد محمد عبداللطيف دحروج
مشرف / يوسف عزالدين يوسف
مشرف / سمير محمود محمد صالح
تاريخ النشر
2018.
عدد الصفحات
211 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
الزراعية والعلوم البيولوجية (المتنوعة)
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2018
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - وقاية النبات
الفهرس
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Abstract

The experiments were conducted in both summer and autumn seasons during 2015 and 2016 under both unheated multi span plastic house and open field conditions. Both experiments aimed to investigate the effect of certain weather conditions on the impact of three insecticides and on the control of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) nymphs on five cucumber cultivars.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows
1- Ecological studies
1-1-Population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) infesting cucumber plants of different cultivars during two cucumber growing seasons during two years
1-1-1- during summer season 2015
The infestation began as early as seedling was transplanted and increased almost continuously towards the end of the season. On the cultivars Kuc, the infestation began with 1148 nymphs/30 leaves and increased steadily till the end of the season with one peak of abundance during the first week of July. The same trend was observed on the cultivar Wafer f1 but with lower population density and also one peak of abundance but it occurred during the third week of June (1609 nymphs/30 leaves). The whitefly nymphs had the same behavior on both Beta-alfa and Hesham cultivars with two peaks of abundance on each cultivar. The first peak was on the second week of June and the second was by the end of the examination period; i.e. during the second week of July. On the cultivar Barkoda, the first peak occurred also on the last week of June (1800 nymphs/30 leaves) and the second was two weeks later (1570 nymphs/30 leaves).
1-1-2- during summer season 2016
Nymphs of B. tabaci had only one peak of occurrence on the cultivar Barkoda by the third week of June (1336 nymphs/30 leaves) and the cultivar Hesham during the last week of June (1265 nymphs/30 leaves). On the cultivars Kuc and Wafer f1, the pest had two peaks of abundance during the first week of June(1582 nymphs/30 leaves) and the last week of the same month (1783 nymphs/30 leaves) for the first cultivar.
1-1-3- during autumn season 2015
These data reveal that the population of this devastating pest had only one peak of abundance on all grown cultivars except Wafter f1. These single peak occurred on the 2ndweek of November for Kuc, being 1871 nymphs/30 leaves; the 3rdweek of November for Beta-alfa, being 1042 nymphs/30 leaves; the 3rdweek of October for Hesham, being 756 nymphs/30 leaves and the 1stweek of October for Barkoda; being 892 nymphs/30 leaves. On Wafer f1, B. tabaci nymph population had two peaks of abundance; the first was during the 1stweek of November being 1248 nymphs/30 leaves and the second was the 3rdweek of November being 1299 nymphs/30 leaves.
1-1-4- during autumn season 2016
The single peak occurred on the 2ndweek of November on Kuc being 1815 nymphs/30 leaves; on the 3rdweek of November on Beta-alfa being 1070 nymphs/30 leaves; on the last week of October on Hesham being 739 nymphs/30 leaves and the last week of November on Barkoda being 945 nymphs/30 leaves. The two peaks occurred on the cultivar Wafer f1 on the 1stweek of November being 1375 nymphs/30 leaves and the last week of November being 1245 nymphs/30 leaves.

II- Effectiveness of the three tested pesticides against Bemisia tabaci nymphs inhabiting cucumber plants during two growing seasons during two years
Summer season 2015
1- Kuc cultivar
. After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 41.2% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (64.1%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (95.7%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 81.43, 96.46 and 73.32% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were relatively similar for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 96.6 and 78.94% followed by Bernastar (64.26%).
2- Wafer f1 cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 64.5% Dinotefuran for followed by Bernastar (76.5%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (79.4%).. All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 89.5, 81.3 and 77.66% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 85.23 and 90.75% followed by Bernastar (76.41%).
3-Beta-alfa cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 59.7% for Bernastar followed by Thiamethoxam (62.9%) and the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (74.7%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 81.7, 75.8 and 62.3% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 81.21 and78.11% followed by Bernastar (58.63%).
4- Hesham cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 45.7% with Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (50.4%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (71.2%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 76.3, 75.8 and 47.5% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were relatively similar for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 75.96 and 70.22% respectively followed by Bernastar (51.75%).
5-Barkoda cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 56% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (62.1%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (83.8%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 88.3,79 and 63.9% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were relatively similar for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 87.18 and 77.04% respectively followed by Bernastar (65.09%).
Summer season 2016
1- Kuc cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 58% for Bernastar, 55.2% for Dinotefuran whereas the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (95%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 95.68, 70.62and 59.43% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 96.5 and 74.4% followed by Bernastar (61.9%).
2- Wafer f1 cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 73.5% for Bernastar, 69.6% for Dinotefuran, while the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (84.1%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 89.9, 84.6 and 63.4% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 91.1 and 85.8% followed by Bernastar (74%).
3- Beta-alfa cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage were reduced to 69.1% for Bernastar, 71.9% for Thiamethoxam, while the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (82.2%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 81.7, 75.2 and 63.1% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were similar for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 84.4 and 82% followed by Bernastar (65.4%).
4- Hesham cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 44.7% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (49.3%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (70.5%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 78.5, 75.1 and 56% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were nearly the same for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 77.8 and 71.2% followed by Bernastar (57.5%)
5- Barkoda cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 50.1% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (70.8%) while the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (82%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 65.5, 60.6 and 19.7% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were almost for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 79.2 and 77.1% followed by Bernastar (48.6%).
Autumn season 2015
1- Kuc cultivar
After 10 days of spraying, the reduction percentage was only 18.16% for Thiamethoxam followed by Bernastar (59.05%) and the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (80.8%). Dinotefuran recorded the highest percentage of reduction after the end of the second spray (88%), followed by Thiamethoxam (79%) and Bernastar (77.3%). The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were 88.69% for Dinotefuran and 73.99% for Thiamethoxam and 76.39% for Bernastar.
2- Wafer f1 cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was the greatest for Dinotefuran (60%) and around 54% for both Thiamethoxam and Bernastar. All the three pesticides recorded high reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, being; 95.42, 94.15 and 81.05% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were almost equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam (86.26 and 83.59%) followed by Bernastar (69.94%).
3-Beta-alfa cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 45.6% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (65.7%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (74.9%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray 94.8, 94.2 and 64.4% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were almost similar for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 88.2 and 83.7 % followed by Bernastar (56.5%).
4-Hesham cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 71.6% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (79%) while the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (88.3%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 93.1, 92.4 and 75 % for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 91.3 and 91% followed by Bernastar (75.2%).
5-Barkoda cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 65.3% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (77.3%) and the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (91.2%). The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 95.3 and 92.5 % followed by Bernastar (68.9%).
Autumn season 2016
1- Kuc cultivar.
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 10.19% for Thiamethoxam followed by Bernastar (54.23%) whereas the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (79.96%). All the three pesticides recorded high reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 92.2, 88.9 and 78.12% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were similar for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 88.34 and 79.16% followed by Bernastar (75.13%)
2- Wafer f1 cultivar.
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 51.6% for Thiamethoxam followed by Bernastar (56.5%) whereas the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (63.6%). All the three pesticides recorded high reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 94.2, 92.7% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam respectively and 80.9% for Bernastar, The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 86.27 and 82.86 % followed by Bernastar (72.38%).
3- Beta-alfa cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced for only 44.1% for Bernastar, 45.6% for Thiamethoxam and the most effective pesticide was Dinotefuran (94.5%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 92.4, 92.1 and 76.9% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 84.88 and 73.68 % followed by Bernastar (64.65%).
4- Hesham cultivar
After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to 62.7% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (77.9%) whereas the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (86.8%). All the three pesticides recorded reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 91.8, 89.3 and 64.6% for Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were almost equal for Dinotefuran and Thiamethoxam; 91.2 and 90.6 % followed by Bernastar (69%).
5- Barkoda cultivar
. After 10 days of spraying the reduction percentage was reduced to71.6% for Bernastar followed by Dinotefuran (76.7%) while the most effective pesticide was Thiamethoxam (87.7%). All the three pesticides recorded high reduction percentages after the end of the second spray, 97.77, 95.28 and 74.35% for Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Bernastar, respectively. The general averages of reduction percentages after about three weeks of application were similar for Thiamethoxam and Dinotefuran; 94.81 and 92.17 % followed by Bernastar (75.57%).
3. The effect of climatic condition on the effect of pesticides
During summer seasons of 2015 and 2016Thiamethoxam insecticides recorded significantly the lowest nymph count on cucumber plants, followed by Dinotefuran, However Bernastar was the highest significantly insecticide counts all over the spray tested times. This result was true after 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after spraying.In addition, it was the same results during autumn seasons of 2015 and 2016, mentioned low efficiency during summer seasons is attributed to the direct effect of high temperature on pesticides chemical structure, where high temperature cause a damage in some ponds which is transform the active ingredients to another less effective ingredients.