الفهرس 
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE FEMALE BREAST
Nerve Supply of the Female BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The female breast is one of the most important symbol of femininity,
removal or deformity of this sexual organ can induce severe psychological
effects. Therefore, breast reconstruction is an element of prime importance
to mastectomized women.
The goals of breast reconstruction are creating a breast that looks and
feels like the normal breast, with achievement of symmetry by correction
of the contralateral side, technically, simple methods should be used if
possible. However, selection of the breast reconstruction procedure must
be chosen individually depending on various conditions.
Prosthetic breast reconstruction has the advantages of shorter
procedure time, hospital stay and recovery as well as being lower cost and
not having an additional donor site associated with an autologous
reconstruction, Breast reconstruction either can be immediate at the time
of mastectomy, delayed (secondary breast reconstruction) after months or
late up to five years after mastectomy.
Immediate breast reconstruction has many advantages. For the patient,
it is easier, less expensive and psychologically more convenient.
However, Patients with larger and/or ptotic breasts are not ideal
candidates for IBR as they often need contralateral balancing procedures
to achieve symmetry which can be difficult to judge at the time of
immediate reconstruction, Disadvantages of immediate breast
reconstruction are prolongation of duration of the surgery and a higher
complication rate.
Delayed breast reconstruction is considered months after mastectomy
as by this time the soft tissue will have recovered from the operative
trauma, also, adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy is usually finished.In addition, the patient lived with the deformity for sometimes, which
made her accept the concept of breast reconstruction, Delayed breast
reconstruction is recommended in patients who require adjuvant
radiotherapy as radiotherapy can adversely affect the aesthetic outcome,
also tissue expanders allow effective and safe radiation delivery to the
internal mammary and axillary lymph nodes.
The most common complications associated with prosthetic
reconstruction include capsular contracture, hematoma and infection , The
complication rate are significantly lower if implants were inserted for
cosmetic reasons compared to those who had implants inserted either
following prophylactic mastectomy or mastectomy for cancer , Wound
complications are usually associated with large breast volume .
Significant risk factors for reconstructive failure include smoking,
obesity, incomplete muscle coverage, implant volume >400 ml, type 2
diabetes mellitus, higher grade tumors and nodal involvement. Although
not a statistically significant risk factors for complications, older age was
associated with a borderline increased risk of complications in both IBR
and DBR.
In our study we have come to the conclusion that, statistically there
was no difference between the incidence of post operative complications
between immediate and delayed prosthetic breast reconstruction.