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العنوان
IMPACT OF USING SOME BINDING MATERIALS TO REDUCE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MYCOTOXINS
IN LACTATING ANIMAL DIETS /
المؤلف
GOUDA, GOUDA ABD EL-HALEAM.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / GOUDA ABD EL-HALEAM GOUDA
مشرف / Hamdy M. Khattab
مشرف / Hamdy M. El-Sayed
مناقش / Salah A. H. Abo El-Nor
تاريخ النشر
2017.
عدد الصفحات
232p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
العلوم الزراعية والبيولوجية
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2017
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - دواجن
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

the study was carried out to evaluate the ability of Egyptian clay minerals (Montmorillonite, Bentonite) to bind mycotoxins (AFB1 & ZEN) in feed. The study consisted of two main parts; Part 1 is the in vitro study was divided into two trials; the first was a survey trial aiming to determine mycotoxins (AFB1 & ZEN) in feed ingredients which are commonly used in animal feeds (especially corn) to detect the possibility of contamination in feeds. The second in vitro trial was a comparative study for the ability of some sorbent materials such as Egyptian clay minerals (Montmorillonite, Bentonite) and imported (HSCAS and Zeolite) to bind AFB1 and ZEN in aqueous solution and determination the best ratios of sorbent materials used based on the results of previous trial.
Part 2 is the in-vivo study which was carried out to apply the best results of the in vitro study and assess their effectiveness in the adsorption of AFB1 and ZEN from animal feed and the effects on the productive performance of lactating goats. This trial was conducted at a private farm station of animal production, Damanhur, Beheira governorate, Egypt and Laboratory of Milk Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during the period of May 2014 and lasted for three months. Fifteen lactating crossed (Nubian x Baladi) goats of about 2-2.5 years old with an average body weight of about 19-21 kg in the first week of lactation were used in the presented study. The animals were randomly assigned among three experimental treatments (five animals each). The whole feeding period of this trial was 90 days. The experimental samples have been collected every 30 days. Animals were fed three experimental treatments: Control: 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40% berseem hay. Bentonite: 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40% berseem hay + 2% Bentonite clay as a percentage from concentrates. Montmorillonite: 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40% berseem hay + 2% Montmorillonite clay as a percentage from concentrates.
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Gouda A. Gouda (2017), Ph.D. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
The objectives of this work were: 1- Studying the ability of some binding materials (Bentonite and Montmorillonite) for the removal and/or decrease the mycotoxins (AFB1, ZEN) in feed of lactating animals and their impact on absorption and excretion in milk. 2- Studying the impact of these binding materials on: feed intake, digestion coefficient of nutrients, some rumen fermentation kinetics, some blood parameters, milk production and composition and mycotoxins residues in milk of lactating goats.
The results and conclusions are summarized as follow:
1. Survey trial
 In some Egyptian governorates, the concentrations of AFB1 were higher than the maximum permissible limits in animal feed (20 μg/kg) in Beheira and Daqahlia governorates, and the highest concentration was in yellow corn obtained from Beheira governorate (96.72 μg/kg). The concentrations of ZEN were lower than the maximum permissible limits (0.5 mg/kg) in animal feed, but the highest concentration was in yellow corn presented from Daqahlia governorate (165.75 μg/kg).
2. In vitro trial
 The results indicated that both EM and EB had a high affinity to adsorb aflatoxin B1 or zearalenone in vitro followed to HSCAS. These results revealed that these binding agents are promise candidates to be used in the chemoprevention against AFB1 and ZEN in the contaminated animal feed when use at a dose as low as 2% (w/w).
3. In vivo trial
3.1. Effect of treatments on nutrient intake (g/h/d) and nutrient digestion coefficients of lactating goats
 There were significant increase of DMI by using bentonite than the control group, while in montmorillonite group the DMI increased insignificantly than control and there were no significance between
158
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Gouda A. Gouda (2017), Ph.D. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
bentonite and montmorillonite groups in DMI. For the other nutrients; OMI, CPI, CFI, EEI, NFEI, NDFI and ADFI; individually, there were no significant differences among groups.
 There were significant increase of the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and NDF by using montmorillonite than bentonite than control group, respectively; which reflect the superior effect of sorbent materials on CHO digestion. However, the digestibility of ADF increased significantly using montmorillonite than control and insignificantly neither between bentonite and control nor between bentonite and montmorillonite groups.
3.2. Effect of treatments on nutritive value and feed efficiency of lactating goats
 Bentonite treatment had no significant effects on TDN, DE, ME or NEL but montmorillonite treatment recorded the highest values compared with other groups. Concerning DCP, the different treatments increased DCP significantly than control by 1.48 and 4.74 % for bentonite and montmorillonite treatments, respectively.
 Feed efficiency (ECM/DMI) or (Milk/DMI) was higher in montmorillonite supplemented group compared to other groups.
3.3. Mycotoxins in feces
 The treatment groups recorded higher concentrations of AFB1 than control group. Differences were significant than the control, but there was no significance between the bentonite and montmorillonite groups.
 The treatment groups recorded lower concentrations of ZEN than control group. Differences were significant compared to the control, but there was no significance between the bentonite and montmorillonite groups.
159
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Gouda A. Gouda (2017), Ph.D. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
3.4. Effect of treatments on rumen liquor parameters
 Bentonite ration recorded the highest concentration of ruminal ammonia-N followed by control ration whereas montmorillonite ration recorded the lowest concentration.
 The treatment rations recorded higher content of TN than control ration, but there was no significance between the bentonite and montmorillonite groups.
 Control ration recorded the highest TVFA’s concentration followed by montmorillonite and then bentonite at zero time. While, at 3 hrs. post feeding and 6 hrs. post feeding montmorillonite ration recorded the highest concentration followed with bentonite then control.
 The respective values of rumen pH were 6.86, 7.13 and 6.48 for Control, bentonite and montmorillonite, respectively at zero time. There were non-significant differences among treatments neither at 3 hrs. post feeding nor at 6 hrs. post feeding.
 The control groups recorded higher concentrations of AFB1 than the treatment groups with significant differences. Differences were not significant between the bentonite and montmorillonite groups. The bentonite group recorded lowest concentrations of ZEN compared to others. Differences between montmorillonite and control group were not significant.
3.5. Effect of treatments on blood plasma parameters
 Control ration slightly increased plasma total proteins than the normal range (6.1-7.5 g/dl). While, plasma total proteins did not exceed the normal range in bentonite and montmorillonite groups.
 Plasma glucose concentration was higher for montmorillonite than bentonite or control groups with significant effects between montmorillonite and bentonite.
 Treatment groups had significant higher values of plasma triglycerides than control.
160
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Gouda A. Gouda (2017), Ph.D. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
 Treatments had no significant effects on plasma urea-N, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, AST, ALT, cholesterol, Ca, Na or K content.
3.6. Effect of treatments on milk production and composition
 Montmorillonite group recorded higher milk yield than those of control or bentonite by about 4.08 and 0.49%, respectively. In addition, average values of milk yield for bentonite group was higher than that of control group by about 3.57%.
 Montmorillonite group recorded higher ECM than those of control or bentonite by about 5.28 and 1.53%, respectively. In addition, average values of ECM yield for bentonite group was higher than that of control group by about 3.70%, respectively.
 The data indicated higher milk fat percentage of control followed by bentonite and the lowest value was observed for montmorillonite.
 TS content increased significantly at bentonite and montmorillonite than the control group, the highest value recorded at montmorillonite and the lowest one observed at control.
 About milk energy content, milk energy output and milk SNF%; Montmorillonite group showed highest value with a significant effect compared to control group and insignificant compared to bentonite group.
 Bentonite and montmorillonite significantly affected milk total protein content, where, montmorillonite significantly increased milk total protein content. While, bentonite significantly decreased milk total protein content.
 Bentonite and montmorillonite groups have higher lactose values compared to control one with significant differences.
 Montmorillonite increased ash content significantly compared to other groups. The highest value was recorded in montmorillonite (0.701%). whereas, values did not differ between control and bentonite groups (0.691%).
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Gouda A. Gouda (2017), Ph.D. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
 The concentrations of AFM1 in milk at the beginning of the experiment (M0) were higher than the maximum permissible limits in milk (0.05 μg/kg) of all animals. The concentration of AFM1 in bentonite group has been decreased from 0.080 to 0.063 μg/L in M1 and 0.010 μg/L in M2 and not detected in M3. However, AFM1 not detected in the group of montmorillonite after one month of treatment (M1). The concentration of AFM1 in control group has been increased gradually with time and recorded as 0.073, 0.116 and 0.157 μg/L with a carry-over rate of 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 at M1, M2 and M3 respectively. ZEN not detected in milk of all treatment groups even in control group.
CONCLUSION
The results of the in vitro study indicated that both EM and EB had a high affinity to adsorb aflatoxin B1 or zearalenone in vitro followed to HSCAS. These results revealed that these binding agents are promise candidates to be used in the chemoprevention against AFB1 and ZEN in the contaminated animal feed when use at a dose as low as 2% (w/w). The in vivo evaluation of adding bentonite and montmorillonite at 2% of concentrates in lactating goats ration on the performance, rumen parameters, plasma blood chemistry or mycotoxin excretion in milk. It could be concluded that the addition of bentonite or montmorillonite to the ration had beneficial effects on the productive performance, no negative effects on rumen parameters or blood chemistry and significant reduction in AFM1 excretion in milk of lactating goats under the field condition in Egypt.