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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Bacha), Alexandria University.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three Nitrogen forms (Control, Ammonium nitrate and Ammonium sulphate) and four Biofertilizer treatments control(un inoculation), Cerealine, Phosphorin and (Cerealine + Phosphorin) on Sugar beet plant. The treatments were arranged in complete Randomize Block Design with four replicates. The main finding could be summarized as follows.
5.1. Growth attributes
1- Nitrogen fertilizer forms significantly affected Total chlorophyll in sugar beet leaves at the two growth stages in both seasons.
2- Biofertilization treatments had significant effect on Total chlorophyll of sugar beet leaves at 148 days in first season only and at 162 days from sowing in both seasons.
3- Concerning interaction effect between nitrogen fertilizer forms and Biofertilization on Total chlorophyll the results showed significant effect at 148 days from sowing in both seasons and at 162 days from sowing in second season only.
4- The data showed that nitrogen sources significantly affected Dry matter accumulation at all growth stages in the two seasons . Beet plants fertilized by Ammonium sulphate accumulated greater Dry matter/plants than those fertilized by Ammonium nitrate.
5- Data illustrated that inoculation seeds with Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealine + Phosphorin) gave the highest Dry weight per plant as compared with other Biofertilizer treatments in all growth stages in the two seasons.
6- The interaction between nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers on Dry matter accumulation was significant in all growth stages in both seasons. Fertilized Sugar beet plants by Ammonium sulphate with Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealin + Phosphorin) recorded the highest Dry matter/plant at different growth stages in the two seasons.
7- Results showed that Leaf Area Index (LAI) was significantly affected by Nitrogen fertilizer forms at all growth stages in both seasons.
8- Data showed that significant differences were observed on LAI at all growth stages in both seasons due to the effect of Biofertilizers. Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealine + Phosphorin) recorded the highest value of Leaf Area Index (LAI).
9- Significant interaction effects were found between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers at all growth stages in the two seasons.
10- Nitrogen forms significantly effect Crop Growth Rate (CGR) at the two growth periods (162-148) and (176-162) days from sowing in both seasons.
11- Biofertilization showed significant effect on Crop Growth Rate of Sugar beet at all growth stages in both seasons. Mixed Biofertilizer treatment recorded the highest (CGR)values compared with the other Biofertilizer treatments.
12- Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers interaction was significant for (CGR)at the two growth periods in both seasons.
13- The data clearly showed that Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) was affected by Nitrogen forms in the second season only at the first period and in the two seasons at the second one. Ammonium sulphate fertilizer decreased (NAR) and recorded the lowest values compared with Ammonium nitrate.
14- The results indicated that (NAR) was significantly affected by Biofertilizers in the second season only at the two periods .
15- The lowest NAR values was recorded by using Biofertilizer (Phosphorin) and Ammonium sulphate at the two growth periods in both seasons while Control treatment recorded the highest (NAR) values.
5.2. Yield and its components
1) The results did not exhibit any significant effect of Nitrogen forms on Root length in both seasons.
2) The data showed significant effect of Biofertilizers inoculation on Root length in the second season only.
3) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significant in both seasons for Root length.
4) The data indicated that Nitrogen forms had a significant effect on Root diameter of sugar beet plants in both seasons.
5) Biofertilizers had a significant effect on Root diameter of sugar beet plants in both seasons. Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealine + Phosphorin) treatment recorded the thickest Root diameter in both seasons compared with the other Biofertilizer treatments.
6) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significant in both seasons for Root diameter.
7) The data showed significant effect of Nitrogen forms on Root weight/plant of sugar beet in the second season only.
8) Seed inoculation with Biofertilizers significantly increased Root weight/plant of sugar beet in the second season only. Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealine + Phosphorin) treatment recorded the highest values of Root weight/plant in the two seasons while, control treatment recorded the lowest ones.
9) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers had a significant effect on Root weight/plant in the two seasons.
10) Significant differences in Root yield (ton/fad) due to Nitrogen forms were delected in both seasons. Beet plants fertilized by Ammonium sulphate recorded the greatest root yield as compared with those fertilized by Ammonium nitrate in both seasons.
11) Biofertilizers significantly affected Root yield (ton/fad) in both seasons. Mixed Biofertilizer treatment gave the highest Root yield (ton/fad) of sugar beet in the two seasons.
12) The interaction was significant between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizer on Root yield in both seasons.
13) Nitrogen forms a significant effect on Top weight/plant in the first season only. Sugar beet plants received Ammonium sulphate fertilizer significantly exceeded those received Ammonium nitrate in Top weight/plant in both seasons.
14) The results showed significant effect of Biofertilizers on Top weight/plant in both seasons. This may be due to the role of microorganisms in increasing photosynthesis rate.
15) Concerning the interaction between nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers there was a significant effect on Top weight/plant in the two seasons.
16) The data pointed out that nitrogen forms had a significant effect on Top yield (ton/fad) in the two seasons. Ammonium sulphate increased Top yield/fad as compared with Ammonium nitrate in both seasons.
17) Using Biofertilizers caused significant increase in Top yield (ton/fad) in the two seasons.
18) Significant interaction effects were found between nitrogen fertilizer forms and Biofertilizer on Top yield (ton/fad) in both seasons.
5.3. Quality characters
(1) Nitrogen fertilizer forms significantly affect the Potassium (K) content in Root juice of sugar beet in both seasons.
(2) Applying Biofertilizers recorded significant differences in Potassium (K) content in the first season only. Biofertilizer (Cerealine) gave the highest value of Potassium (K) content whereas (Phosphorin) gave the lowest value.
(3) The interaction between nitrogen forms and Biofertilizer was significant in the seasons.
(4) Nitrogen forms exhibited significant differences in Sodium (Na) content in Root juice in both seasons.
(5) Regarding to Biofertilizers, results indicated that Biofertilizers inoculation exerted significant effect on the content of Sodium (Na). Beet plants inoculated with (Cerealine) Biofertilizer recorded the highest content of Sodium (Na) in Root juice in both seasones.
(6) The interaction between nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significant in the two seasons.
(7) The data indicated that there was significant effect of nitrogen forms on ?-amino Nitrogen content in Root juice of sugar beet plants in the second season only.
(8) Biofertilizers had a significant effect on ?-amino Nitrogen content in beet root juice in the two seasons.
(9) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizer for ?-amino Nitrogen content was significant in both seasons.
(10) Alkalinily Coefficient (AC) in Root Juice was significantly influenced by Nitrogen forms in the second season only. Beet plants received Ammonium nitrate exceeded those received Ammonium sulphate in Alkalinity Coefficient.
(11) Biofertilizers significantly differed in Alkalinity Coefficient (AC) in Root juice in the two seasons.
(12) The date showed that there was a significant interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers on Alkalinity Coefficient in both seasons.
(13) The results represented that Sucrose % was significantly influenced by Nitrogen forms in the two seasons.
(14) Biofertilizers significantly affected Sucrose % in the first season only. Mixed Biofertilizer (Cereealine + Phosphorin) recorded high values of Sucrose % compared with using each of them alone.
(15) Concerning the interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers there was a significant effect on Sucrose % in the first season only.
(16) Nitrogen fertilizer Forms had a significant effect on Quality% of Sugar beet in both seasons. The highest Quality% was recorded form control treatment (without mineral nitrogen fertilizer).
(17) Data illustrated that Biofertilizers had a significant effect on Quality% in the first season only. Mixed Biofertilizer recorded the highest Quality % value.
(18) The interaction between the Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significant in the two seasons on Quality %.
(19) Extractable White Sugar % was significantly influenced by Nitrogen forms in both seasons.
(20) Regarding to Biofertilizers results indicated that significant effect on Extractable White Sugar % in the first season only.
(21) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significantly in the first season only.
(22) Loss sugar % was significantly influenced by Nitrogen forms in both seasons. Appling Nitrogen fertilizer increased loss sugar%.
(23) Concerning Biofertilizers significantly differed in loss sugar% in the two seasons.
(24) The interaction between Nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers for loss sugar % was significant in both seasons. The highest loss sugar% was obtained by applying Ammonium nitrate with Biofertilizer (Cerealine) in the first season seasons.
(25) The available data showed that there was a substantial difference in white sugar yield/fad obtained between nitrogen forms in two seasons. Application of Ammonium sulphate gave higher white sugar yield (ton/fad.) than Ammonium nitrate. This may be due to considerable increase in Root yield and extractable white sugar%.
(26) Biofertilizers significantly affected white sugar yield (ton/fad.) in the two seasons.
(27) The interaction between nitrogen forms and Biofertilizers was significant for white sugar yield (ton/fad.) in the two seasons. Application of Ammonium sulphate with Mixed Biofertilizer (Cerealine +Phosphorin) gave the highest values of sugar yield (ton/fad) in the two seasons .