الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
Reproductive toxicity refers to the adverse effects on the reproductive system of both male and female due to exposure to environmental agents. Many of the environmental agents have hazardous effects on fertility, as heavy metals, pesticides, plastics and other miscellaneous agents. Heavy metals are proved to have hazardous effects on the reproductive system not only by laboratory animal data but also by human health data. Moreover there is an obvious link between exposure to pesticides and reproductive toxicity . Some of plastics chemicals were reported to have reproductive toxicity e.g., phthalates and bisphenol A. Although the risk assessment is progressed significantly over the last years. The application of risk assessment in the reproductive toxicology is still a challenge. Because of ethical and legal reasons, few studies have been conducted on human reproduction, leading to shortage of human data. Other fact is the complexity and the long duration of the human reproductive cycle which covers at least two generations and can extend for more than two decades. Furthermore; the laboratory animal data are uncertain to be applied on the human, as each species has its own toxic kinetics, reproductive cycle events and different sensitivity to particular agent. The usage of antioxidants and multivitamins is recommended; as it is proved to abolish the deleterious reproductive effects of many of those toxicants. Further studies; in order to achieve the non toxic levels of exposure to either the already present chemicals or the new chemicals under investigation on the background of their ability to cause reproductive and developmental toxicity.