الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The introduction of rigid ureteroscopy has added a new dimension to the diagnosis and treatment of ureteric lesions . diagnosticallyk ureteroscopy is beneficial for investigating filling defects , obstructing lesions and the cause of upper tract hematuria or abnormal cytology . therapeutically, it can be used to remove ureteral calculi in conjunction with ultrasonic or electrohydraulic lithotripsy techniques. also,upper tract tumours may be resected or fulgrated and occasionally ,foreign bodies such as malpositioned ureteral stents can be removed . this study provides a review of indications, complications of ureteroscopy.