الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nosocomial infections are those acquired after 48hr of hospital admission . Patients in ICU-particularly neonates-are more exposed to such infections which affect their response to treatment and predictability of their outcome . The present work was planned to identify the types of bacterial pathogens causing nosocomial lower respiratory tract colonization and/or infections, with evaluation of the possible different sources and modes of transmission of such infections in NICU at Mansoura University Hospital. Material of the present study comprized 39 neonate patient with suspected lower respiratory tract colonization and/or infection . Twenty were males and ninteen were females . A total of 419 specimens were collected, they were classified as 52 from ETTs, 39 from venous blood of patients, 134 surveillance specimens from patients, 173 from environment and 21 from medical care givers . All samples were cultured aerobically on blood, chocolate and MacConkey’s agar plates and identification was done on morphological bases . Antibiogram - Resistogram typing was used to identify different strains while biotypmg (using API-20E system) was restricted to non-pigment producing, non-lactose fermenting gram-negative bacilli.