الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
HCC is becoming more common in Egypt, owing to the high prevalence of viral hepatitis and related complications. The rate of developing HCC increases by 1%-4% per year in HCV cirrhotic individuals. Furthermore, chronic HCV infection is linked to a 20-30% increased chance of developing HCC. As a result, evaluating biomarkers that predict early onset of HCC in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis patients is of tremendous clinical importance, both diagnostically and prognostically.
AFP, together with imaging and pathology detection, is frequently employed in clinical early identification of HCC. However, AFP does not provide reliable results in the early detection of HCC, especially AFP-negative HCC. Those false-negative findings limit its use as a tumour marker for HCC. Thus, the discovery of new, highly sensitive and specific markers for HCC is critical for improving early detection, treatment efficacy, and curative satisfaction.
Serum soluble Axl is a valuable serum marker for HCC that can be employed as an early detection marker for HCC, particularly AFP-negative HCC. Axl is a tyrosine kinase receptor that belongs to the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) subfamily. It impacts platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and survival of cells, as well as the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the elimination of apoptotic cells. TAM receptors are processed enzymatically at the cell membrane by an ADAM10/ADAM17-specific shedding mechanism, which cleaves the extracellular region of the receptors and releases a soluble form.