الفهرس 
Introduction.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The development of the human skin from intrauterine to extrauterine life is a balletic interplay of maturing layers and interlocking structures. The epidermis is established in utero and replenished from a pool of stem cells which give rise to interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands.
The stratum corneum of the premature neonate is thinner and markedly less effective than that of full term. These premature neonates therefore have a dysfunctional epidermal barrier and experience difficulties with fluid homeostasis, thermoregulation and infection control.
The proper care and hygiene of the normal mature neonatal skin are achieved by optimizing epidermal barrier integrity, including bathing and emolliation practices, preventing and managing infections and skin injury, and minimizing transepidermal water Loss and heat or percutaneous absorption of toxins with particular reference to preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks gestational age and hospitalized neonates who require intensive care.
This study was conducted on 177 neonates admitted in the incubator of pediatric department of Zagazig university hospitals, aiming to asses different skin disorders among neonates over one year and the study of the relationship between their occurrence and various maternal and neonatal aspects.
Skin disorders were seen in 132 neonates (74.6% of cases). and the other 45(25.4%)neonates were free of any skin disorder.
Mongolian spots was the most common finding that was observed in 15.3% of cases, followed in frequency by miliaria which was found in 10.7% of cases
Acne neonatorum was observed in 5.6% of the studied neonates, .It wasn’t associated with any maternal drug intake or maternal disease..
Milia were observed in 4% of our studied neonates, Our study revealed that milia were not significantly associated with any of the maternal diseases or exposures. Sebaceous hyperplasia was observed in 2.3% of the studied neonates.
Erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) was common benign pustular dermatoses of the neonates that represented 3.4% of cases in our study.
Fungal infections were observed in 6 neonates (3.4% of all cases); Oral candidiasis was seen in 4 of the studied neonates (2.3% of cases) it was combined with monilial dermatitis.
Developmental skin defects were seen in our study. Congenital cutis aplasi (0, 6%) accessory tragi (skin tags) with a frequency of (1.2%) of the studied neonates.
Acrocyanosis was observed in 2.3% of cases, there was acase of paniculities (0.6%).two cases of suckling blisters (1.2%),histocytosis X syndrom was seen in(0.6% of cases),it was seen in afemale fullterm baby,the diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy. a neonate of epidermolysis bullosae was seen (0.5% of cases), it is found in full term male baby .
In conclusion, we tried to asses different skin lesions during the neonatal period and to determine any correlations with gender and gestational age. Several skin lesions, physiologic or pathologic, are present at birth and a number of others appear during the neonatal period. It was very important to differentiate the physiologic skin lesions from the pathologic ones. There are many studies with different methods about neonatal dermatoses in the literature from various countries. The frequency of these lesions might have changed due to racial and environmental factors.