الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of present in vitro study was to assess the effect of construction technique (Milling
versus 3D printing) and immersion in two different pH oral media (Coffee versus Fanta) at two-time
intervals (1 day and 7 days) on the surface roughness and color stability of interim restoration.
Materials and methods: Fourteen discs of 3D-printed resin (A3) (Proshape temp resin; Proshape
Dental Solutions) and a milled PMMA disc (A3) (PMMA Disk; Yamahachi Dental Co.) were tested
for surface roughness (Ra) and color stability (ΔE) at two-time intervals (1 and 7 days) after immersion
in two different pH oral media (Coffee versus Fanta) (n=7) by using a non-contact profilometer and
CIELab-based spectrophotometer. A statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed
by Tukey’s post hoc test for intergroup comparisons and repeated measures ANOVA followed by a
Bonferroni post hoc test was used for intragroup comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤
0.05.
Results: Regarding the surface roughness, the milled groups showed higher statistical significance
compared to the 3D printed groups at the baseline in both immersion media and after 7 days of
immersion in coffee. While, after 7 days of immersion in Fanta, the 3D printed group showed higher
statistical significance surface roughness than the milled group. Considering the color stability, after
immersion for 1 day and 7 days, 3D printed groups showed a higher statistical significance of color
change (ΔE) in coffee solution than the milled groups. On the other hand, the milled groups showed a
higher statistical significance of color change (ΔE) in Fanta solution than the 3D printed groups.
Conclusion: The type of material chosen, the construction technique, and the beverage consumption
with a different pH influence the surface roughness and color stability of fixed interim restorations.
Regarding the present study, milled interim restorations showed higher surface roughness after coffee
immersion, while Fanta immersion produced a higher surface roughness of the 3D printed restorations.
Milled interim restorations showed more color change after Fanta immersion, while coffee immersion
produced more color change in the 3D interim restorations.
Keywords: Interim restorations, PMMA, 3D printing, Milling, CAD/CAM, Color stability, Surface
roughness, Coffee, Resin, Spectrophotometer, Profilometer.