الفهرس 
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 198 |  |  |
| | | from | 198 | | |
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral pandemic disease, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to critical and possibly fatal illness. Transmission of COVID-19 is mainly by droplets/aerosols and small airborne particles containing the virus. The spread of infection was almost driven by human-to-human transmission. The most affected organs by COVID-19 are the lungs because the virus accesses host cells via ACE2 the receptor, which is most abundant on the surface of type II alveolar cells of the lung. Cytokine storm and cytokine release syndrome are life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndromes that cause collateral damage to vital organ systems and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Supportive care and pharmacotherapy have been used for alleviating symptoms, combined with various attempts to prevent the spread and complications of COVID-19.Despite the development of safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 and specific therapeutic antiviral drugs that have been approved as effective for the treatment of COVID-19, the death rate from COVID-19 continues to increase steadily as virus mutations may be a major problem in the effectiveness of the vaccines based on viral-encoded peptides.