الفهرس 
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Abstract
L. perenne is indigenous to North Africa, South Europe, Central Asia and Middle East. Early European pastoralists introduced it to many regions of their former empires, such as North America, Australasia, South Africa and other places. The plant is locally known as “Gazoon, Hasheesh-el-faras, Nuseil” in Egypt and belongs to family Graminae (syn.: Poaceae).
Lolium has been used informally in traditional treatments for dysentery, bleeding, malaria and cancer. In addition to possessing detergent and anti-gangrene properties, L. perenne has been utilised as an anti-diarrheic and anti-periodic agents. In some cases, headache, rheumatism and arthritis are treated with L. perenne and L. temulentum in traditional medicine in Lebanon.
Previous phytochemical studies on L. perenne reported the presence of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, lignans and flavonoids, which have an antioxidant activity, Using gallic acid as the standard, the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method was used to calculate TPC. While, TFC was determined using a colorimetric test with aluminium chloride. Rutin was utilized as the standard. By using a free radical scavenging experiment called DPPH, the antioxidant capacity of the various extracts was calculated. DCM and EtOAc fractions exhibited the highest TPC (82.42±2.70 and 70.85±2.27 mg GAE/g dried sample), respectively. Also, DCM Fr. and EtOAc Fr revealed the highest TFC (115.65±6.43 and 146.00±1.06 mg RTE/g dried sample), respectively. All samples revealed variable antioxidant properties. While EtOAc Fr., followed by DCM Fr., demonstrated the least IC50 values (120.04±0.43 and 166.81±0.53 µg/mL), respectively, indicating their high antioxidant potentials.The n-Hexane and DCM fractions revealed the highest antimicrobial potentials towards all the studied microorganisms, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 50 and from 12.5 to 25 µg/mL, respectively, followed by the Aqueous and EtOAc fractions, as well as the TMELP, while the n-BuOH Fr. was inactive against the most tested microbial strains except E. coli, even at the highest tested concentration (50 µg/mL).All tested groups possessed significant anti-inflammatory activities in carrageenan-induced edema in rats. DCM and EtOAc fractions exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of indomethacin and this may be because these fractions contain a high concentration of phenolic and flavonoidal compounds. The EtOAc Fr. had the shortest onset of action with 17.82% inhibition at 1sth. The TMELP revealed the least anti-inflammatory effect.The air-dried powder of L. perenne aerial parts (2.5 Kg) was extracted by maceration with 80% MeOH till exhaustion (5 L, 3x, 4 days intervals) at room temperature with frequent agitation. The methanolic extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 °C. A sticky green residue (400 g) was produced and then suspended in 400 mL of distilled water and subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation with immiscible organic solvents with increasing polarities as n-Hexane Fr., DCM Fr., EtOAc Fr. and n-BuOH Fr. successively to afford 40, 17, 15 and 26 g, respectively. The remaining mother liquer was considered as an Aqueous Fr. (280 g).