الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tracheostomy is usually indicated for ICU critically ill patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation, in order to facilitate the removal from the ventilator machine through a weaning process. It has many beneficial effects, such as improved pulmonary mechanics, lessened laryngeal or tracheal nociceptive stimuli, shorter requirement of sedatives and analgesic medications, easier oral hygiene and nutrition, and improved communication. Therefore, many researchers declared that the selection and identification of an ideal timing to perform a tracheostomy in MV patients in the ICU remain a clinical challenging issue, with considerable variations in practice The proper timing to perform the tracheostomy remained a matter of debate over the last two decades. Some studies suggested that early tracheostomy was more associated with better outcomes than late tracheostomy. Our study aimed to determine and analyze the correlation between timing of tracheostomy either early or late and various associated outcomes: • Primary outcome: incidence of ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP). • Secondary outcomes: duration of MV support, duration of sedation based on our regimen of sedation and anesthesia, duration of the weaning process trials, overall ICU stay, as well as mortality. This study was a prospective observational study conducted at intensive care units of Tanta University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University in the period from the beginning of January 2021 to the end of June 2022. The study included 43 patients 28 males and 15 females. Age of patients ranged from19-77. This study was conducted on mechanically ventilated patients undergoing tracheostomy operation either early, who were submitted to tracheostomy between 1 and 10 days post intubation, this group included 20 patients or late, who were submitted to tracheostomy between 11- and 21 days post intubation, this group included 23 patients.