الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of probiotics feed additives to lactating Arabian she-camel rations on milk yield and composition, nutrients digestibility and some blood metabolites. This study was divided into two experiments (In-vitro and in-vivo):
In-vitro experiment: A ration of alfalfa hay and concentrate feed mixture (CFM) with a roughage: concentrate equaled to 60:40 was prepared in the laboratory with camel rumen liquor for a period of 96 hours. The experimental groups were divided into: Control group, group (ZAD), group (Bacillus) and a mixed group of probiotics (Zad+Bacillus+Lactobacillus). Probiotics were used at a concentration of (2 ml/kg dry matter). This study was carried out in the Digestion and Rumination Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
In-vivo experiment (Feeding trial): Fifteen Arabian she camels at the late lactation stage were used for a period of four months from January to April 2019, the groups were divided into: Control group (G1), ZAD group (G2), and a mixed probiotics group (G3) that was consisted of Zad+Bacillus+Lactobacillus in the rate of 50:25:25, respectively. A ration of fodder (60:40) alfalfa hay and concentrated+ for all groups and 10ml probiotics/head/day for G2 and G3. This study was carried out at the National Campaign for the Promotion of Camel Productivity, Ras-Sudr Research Station, South Sinai Governorate, Desert Research Center, Egypt,
The results are summarized as follows:
In-vitro experiment
The use of different types of probiotics led to improved dry matter digestion compared to the control group. The use of the probiotic mixture led to a positive synergistic effect between the components of the mixture, which led to a significant improvement in the digestible fraction and the digestion rate of dry matter. There were no significant differences in the average in vitro gas production between the groups.
Feeding trial
1. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility:
The results showed that the feed intake (based on live body weight) showed that there are no significant differences between the treated groups and the control group.
Data of the digestibility coefficient of nutrients indicated that the group of probiotic mixture (G3) was significant increase in the digestibility of some nutrients, such as dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), insoluble fiber in the neutral solution (NDF), and insoluble fibre in the acidic solution (ADF) compared to the Zad group and the control group.
2. Milk production and composition efficiency:
The data on milk production and composition indicated that the probiotic mixture group was increased significantly differed milk quantity compared to the Zad group and the control group. The data also indicated that the group to which zad was added showed a significant increase in improving the composition of milk in some of its components, such as fat, lactose, protein, non-fat solids and total solids compared to the probiotic mixture group and the control group.
3. Effect on some blood parameters:
The data showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments group and were within normal range for liver and kidney.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that using a mixture of probiotics that was consisted of liquid form ZAD, Bacillus and Lactobacillus had a positive synergistic effect that resulted on maintaining body weight, improving feed intake, increasing nutrient digestion, and milk production in Arabian lactating she-camels.