الفهرس 
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Abstract
The discipline of biomimetic remineralization in conservative non-invasive dentistry is rapidly advancing, and the objective of this study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of two different antimicrobial agents, Moringa oleifera and Bioactive glass nanoparticles, activated by femtosecond laser light, in inducing biomimetic dentin remineralization in teeth with carious dentin ICDAS code 3.
Twenty-seven dentin surface samples were categorized into three groups: the first group received Moringa oleifera extract treatment, the second group was treated with Bioactive glass nanoparticles, and the control group received no treatment. All groups were exposed to femtosecond laser light at three different wavelengths: 390 nm, 445 nm, and 780 nm. Each sample was subjected to femtosecond laser light for five minutes with an average power rating of 300 mW, a pulse duration of 100 fs, and a pulse repetition rate of 80 Hz.
The mineral content of the samples was then obtained and analyzed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS analysis was conducted with an average power of ” " ~ " ”215 mW, a wavelength of 532 nm, a pulse duration of 10 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The results demonstrated that most of the studied samples exhibited a relative increase in mineral content that may enhance biomimetic remineralization. Remarkably, Moringa oleifera photoactivated by femtosecond laser light at 445 nm achieved a significant increase in mineral content.
The application of the relatively inexpensive and commercially available Moringa oleifera as an antimicrobial agent, activated by femtosecond laser light, advocates for minimally invasive approaches for the treatment and biomimetic remineralization of carious dentin ICDAS code 3. These findings suggest that this approach has the potential to be a promising alternative to traditional invasive methods for the treatment of caries. However, further research is required to explore the potential clinical applications of this technique.