الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spetzler Martin (SM) grading is widely regarded as a primary classification system for managing brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Low-grade AVMs (Grade I & II) are typically effectively managed using a single modality, such as surgery or endovascular embolization. However; high-grade AVMs (Grade IV & V) often necessitate multimodality treatment.
Grade III AVMs are unique, as they encompass various subtypes with different sizes, locations, and combinations of venous drainage. To provide a clearer management approach for this group, Lawton further sub-classified Grade III AVMs. Type IIIA or S1E1V1 refers to small-sized AVMs located in eloquent areas with deep venous drainage, presenting a low surgical risk. Type IIIB or S2E0V1 represents medium-sized AVMs in non-eloquent areas with deep venous drainage, carrying an intermediate risk. Type IIIC or S2E1V0 represents medium-sized AVMs in eloquent areas with superficial venous drainage, associated with a high surgical risk. It should be noted that Type IIID or S3E0V1, which signifies large-sized AVMs in non-eloquent areas with superficial venous drainage, was not included in the surgical series describing Grade III AVMs