الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Regarding the increase in global trading around the world and upgrading in ship sizes, a great update in marine infrastructure starting from quay walls is required to accommodate larger ships with larger drafts. The main aim of this study is to model different structural alternatives to deepen in front of various types of quay walls in order to retain difference between existing and new bed levels. Three case studies have been investigated by using a numerical model (PLAXIS 2d) to model effect of increase of deepening depth on different structural solutions for upgrading existing quay wall to accommodate new larger ships.
Through this thesis, a literature review for different types of quays and different types and methods of deepening are studied and evaluated for each types of structural system of quay wall.
Also, a parametric study for three case studies are investigated through this thesis; the first case study is in Alexandria port, Egypt where the structural system is bock type quay wall and seven structural solutions are investigat-ed. The second case study takes place in Ravenna port in Italy where the Structural system is sheet pile quay wall and five structural solutions are proposed to upgrade existing quay wall. The third case study is in Port Said west port where the structural system is open quay wall and two structural solutions are proposed to upgrade existing quay wall. All case studies are investigating through parametric study the effect of deepening depth in front of existing quay wall on global factor of safety and also on straining actions like bending moment, shear force, normal force, and lat-eral deformation of proposed shoring system to determine the optimum solution with optimum deepening limit.