الفهرس 
History of Betaine
Effect of Betaine on Antioxidant StatusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The poultry industry, especially the broiler chicken sector, plays a vital role in the Arab Republic of Egypt because it provides a very large amount of animal protein in a very short time with high conversion efficiency. According to United Nations forecasts, there will be an exponential increase in human population by the year 2067 (United Nations, 2013, 2017) placing tremendous pressure on the food industry in general and poultry production in particular. It increases competition between humans and animals for food. As a result of this increasing demand, intensive farming methods have been introduced into broilers production to ameliorate productivity. However, this intensive production may bring some negative effects on broilers, such as decreased meat quality, poor welfare and flavor (Petracci et al., 2009). In addition to that, the challenge resulting from the problem of heat stress in the current century comes due to the high ambient temperature, which persists for almost from May to September in most of the agro-ecological zones of developing countries like our region (Saeed, 2017). While, those birds neither have sweat glands, and so avian species use non-evaporative cooling like radiation, convection, panting (Which affects the muscle water-holding, which would change the characteristics of the quality of the carcass) and conduction for heat dissipation.