الفهرس 
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Abstract
Organophosphates and carbamates are potent anticholinesterase pesticides capable of causing severe cholinergic toxicity following dermal, respiratory exposure, or oral exposures. The widespread use of organophosphates and carbamates as agricultural insecticides and rodenticides has increased the likelihood of poisoning with these compounds. The most life-threatening effects of anticholinesterase pesticides include bronchorrhea, bradycardia, hypotension, and inhibition of the respiratory center of the brain. The peripheral and central respiratory effects can result in respiratory failure, which is the main cause of death in those patients. The current study is a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of nebulized albuterol as an adjuvant treatment in patients with acute anticholinesterase pesticides poisoning. The study enrolled 80 patients with acute anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning admitted to TUPCC between November 2020 and October 2021. Inclusion criteria: We included patients (male or female, aged 12 years or older) with moderate or severe acute anticholinesterase poisoning. The diagnosis was based on a history of exposure to OPCs or carbamate, characteristic clinical manifestations of acute OPCs or carbamate poisoning, improvement of symptoms and signs after administration of atropine, and low serum pseudocholinesterase activity. Exclusion criteria: We excluded patients aged less than 12 years old, pregnant and lactating women, patients who ingested or exposed to other substances in addition to the anticholinesterase agent, and asymptomatic or mildly poisoned patients. Also, we excluded patients with major medical conditions (e.g., respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, renal or hepatic failure), late presenters who came 12 hours or more following exposure to the anticholinesterase agent, or those receiving unreported treatment before admission to our center. Eighty patients were allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio (40 patients in each group) using stratified block randomization. The strata were based on the severity of poisoning (moderate and severe grades of poisoning).