الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A major cause of morbidity as well as deaths worldwide is colo-rectal cancer (CRC). Presently, it ranks the second most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of deaths from cancer globally. By using effective screening programs, most of the CRCs could be promptly detected and prevented. The best method for diagnosing CRCs and polyps at the present time is endoscopy and histology.
Colo-rectal polyps are presumed to be the basis of CRC. The early identification and removal of polyps during screening colonoscopy lowers the incidence of CRC and its associated mortality. All polyps detected during screening colonoscopy should be excised and histologically examined since standard white-light colonoscopy fail to discriminate polyp histology reliably. This has several drawbacks that include the risk of bleeding and perforation and the financial load from the unneeded removal of benign polyps.
Endoscopy innovations in technology have resulted in revolutionary improvements in detecting and treating adenomas, high-grade dysplasias and early stage CRC. Surface pattern and micro-vascular architecture of the polyps could possibly be observed thanks to advancements in endoscopic optic systems’ high resolutions and contrast ratios. This includes the Narrow-band imaging (NBI) technology, which offers a better assessment and high accuracy to the structure of the lesions to differentiate between adenomatous and non-adenomatous colo-rectal polyps, and therefore allowing early identification and removal of pre-cancerous polyps. Additionally, the NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification has been created and approved to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous polyps in-vivo with satisfactory results among experienced endoscopists.