الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
This study was carried out in the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. The study was divided into 4 experiments.
• Experiment 1: Fermentation of some concentrate and in vitro DM disappearance.
• Experiment 2: Fermentation of some roughages and in vitro DM disappearance.
• Experiment 3: Enzymatic activities of alfa amylase, cellulase, protease, and xylanase of concentrate and roughages feedstuff after fermentation.
• Experiment 4: Feeding trial.
Four biological treatments were used:
1. AL (Aspergillus oryzea+ Lactobacillus Plantarum).
2. RL (Ruminococcus flavefaciens + Lactobacillus Plantarum).
3. ARL (Aspergillus oryzea, Ruminococcus flavefaciens + Lactobacillus Plantarum).
4. Control without treatment.
for addition to the concentrate and roughage.
IVDMD was used to determine the rate of disappearance of DM from the experimental rations. samples were used to determine the effect of biological treatments on the DM disappearance at different incubation times for microbial digestion (2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 90, 120) hours.
Experiment 1: Fermentation of concentrate and in vitro DM which fermented Soya bean meal, Cotton seed meal, Sunflower meal, Palm Kernel Cake, Moringa Seeds and Leaves, and Moringa Seeds. The results were the best value with PKC which CP increased to 17.66% with ARL and CF decreased to 7.83% with RL compared to the control 13.55 and 12.57% respectively. Sunflower meal CP increased to 27.45% with RL and CF decreased to 25.76% with AL compared to the control 24.45 and 32.65% respectively. The addition of biological treatments to concentrate increased significantly (p<0.05) DM disappearance 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hrs. with PKC and SFM.
Experiment 2: Fermentation of roughages and in vitro DM we fermentation Moringa Leaves, Sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, Alfalfa, Peanut peel, Corn Stover, and Orange Peel. The results were the best value with sugarcane bagasse which CP increased to 9.54% with AL and CF decreased to 15.55% with RL compared to control 5.78 and 41.67% respectively. Rice straw CP increased to 5.65% and CF decreased to 28.78% with RL compared to control 1.78 and 34.78% respectively. Alfalfa CP increased to 24.15% and CF decreased to 12.7% with RL compared to control 14.4 and 39.08% respectively. The addition of biological treatments to roughages increased significantly (p<0.05) DM disappearance 24, 48, and 72 hrs. The best value is with Sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and Alfalfa.
Experiment 3: Enzymatic activities of Alfa amylase, Cellulase, Protease, and xylanase of concentrate and roughages feedstuff after fermentation The addition of biological treatments to concentrate and roughages increased significantly (p<0.05) Enzyme activities. The best value of alfa amylase with Soya bean meal, Cotton seed meal, Moringa Seeds and Leaves, Moringa Seeds, Sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and orange peel with all treatments compared to control.
The best value of cellulase with Sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and orange peel with all treatments compared to control. The best value of protease with Soya bean meal, moringa seeds and leaves, moringa seeds, moringa leaves, sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and alfalfa with all treatments compared to control. The best value of xylanase with moringa leaves, rice straw, peanut peel, corn stover, Sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and orange peel with RL and ARL.
Experiment 4: Feeding trial used of 20 buffalo with an average live weight of 249 kg. The experimental period consisted of two months of ration. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (10 buffalo in each group), as follows. group 1: control ration 4 kg concentrate and roughage (4.6 kg corn silage and 1.25 kg alfalfa) without treatment. group 2: the experimental ration 4 kg concentrate and roughage (4.6 kg corn silage and 1.25 kg alfalfa treated with ARL)
CNCPS v6.5 was used to evaluate the results of the study. The model was used to evaluate the Metabolizable energy and Metabolizable protein of experimental rations, ruminal parameters, fermentability, protein, and carbohydrate pool sizes.
All Results indicated that:
1. Fermented SFM with three treatments improved CP values (7.64, 12.26, and 10.92%, respectively) compared to control. And improved CF values (21.01, 15.13, and 20.3%, respectively) compared to control.
2. Fermented PKC with three treatments improved CP values (11.07, 19.04, and 30.33%, respectively) compared to control. And improved CF values (31.3, 37.74, and 26.45%, respectively) compared to control.
3. Fermented Sugarcane bagasse with three treatments improved CP values (65.05, 37.37, and 54.84%, respectively) compared to control. And improved CF values (50.95, 62.68, and 43.75%, respectively) compared to control.
4. Fermented Rice Straw with three treatments improved CP values (112.36, 217.42, and 212.36%, respectively) compared to control. And improved CF values (12.45, 17.25, and 9.57%, respectively) compared to control.
5. Treatments decreased NDF and ADF after fermentation in the present study.
6. The biological treatments to feedstuff increased significantly (p<0.05) DM disappearance 24, 48, 72 hrs.
7. Results showed that using the treatment alfalfa with ARL improved average daily gain and final weight in buffalo which increased average daily gain (ADG) by 1.325 Kg/d compared with control group by 1.218 Kg/d.
In conclusion, the biological treatments successfully improved the chemical composition and Invitro DMD of solid-state fermented feedstuff especially with fungi (AL)and fungi plus bacteria (ARL). It was concluded while the results indicated that the increase of CP and IVDMD in fermented feedstuff may be due to increasing growth of bacteria and fungi in solid-state feedstuff. It increased producing cellulase and xylanase enzymes which decreased CF in fermented feedstuff. This, in turn, led to an improvement in the nutritional value of feed materials, which was reflected in an increase in the daily growth rate of the animals under the conditions of this experiment.