الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: The current research was carried out in order to analyze the validity of Dentine Sialoprotein
in the GCF as a biological marker for the amount of root resorption evaluated using
Scanning Electron microscope. Introducing a non-invasive method to determine and evaluate
amount of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The primary objective is to find DSP a
valid marker for root resorption, where its level in GCF is expected to increase by increasing the
magnitude of orthodontic force.
In teeth undergoing root resorption resulting from orthodontic tooth movement, does Dentine
Sialoprotein can act as a biological marker for root resorption indicating its onset earlier than
periapical radiograph?
Methodology: 14 female patients, where their age ranges from 15 - 18 years, their treatment plan
include extraction of upper first premolars, and using the split-mouth technique, one side was
control side without application of force where the other side had received intrusive mechanics for
the same patient in the upper arch, one control subject (tooth) and the other study subject (tooth)).
According to the amount of force of the working side, the total number of patients was divided into
2 groups.
Each of 7 subjects, group 1 where a 25 grams of force were applied, group 2 where 100 grams
of force were applied.
Results: results showed that the amount of DSP had increased in group 1 (25 grams of force) than
the control side and group 2 (100 grams of force). In addition to, root resorption area to total are
percentage were more in group 1 than control side and group 2.
Conclusions: there is a positive correlation between root resorption and DSP.
So, Dentin Sialoprotein can be used as an early biological marker for the detection of
orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption.
Keywords: root resorption, Dentine Sialoprotein,intrusion, orthodontic force magnitude,
biological marker.