الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
U
rinary bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer worldwide. Urinary bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract malignancy and the fourth most common cancer in men, following prostate, lung, and colorectal carcinoma, with an estimated 81,400 new cases and 17,980 deaths in 2019.
In Egypt, urinary bladder cancer (UC) is the third malignant common tumors. Its incidence is 8.7% of all malignant tumors in both sexes with more predominance in males as reported by National Cancer Registry.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder is a rare histological type in the Western countries and North America, representing around 5% of all urinary bladder carcinomas. In Africa, the incidence is different especially in the countries located on the Nile River; because of the high incidence of schistosomal investation that leads to chronic irritation and squamous metaplasia.
Tobacco use is the main risk factor for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the most prevalent type of urinary bladder cancer in high-income countries. TCC incidence has been increasing in low–middle-income countries, where tobacco use has become more prevalent.
Urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder is the most predominant histological pattern of bladder carcinoma, as it accounts for more than 90% of the diagnosed cases. Traditionally, urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder is classified into two major types based primarily on treatment planes and prognostic parameters as follows: non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (NMIUBC) (corresponding to stages pTa, T1) and muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIUBC) (corresponding to stages T2, T3, and T4).
In the majority of cases, UC is found in its pure form but in around 20% of patients, variant histological (VH) features are observed, such as squamous cell differentiation, glandular differentiation, micropapillary, or nested. The histological variants is the major component in half of these patients.
Pure non-urothelial carcinomas (non-UC) represent 10% of urinary bladder cancers in western countries, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors
Consequently, this study was conducted and aimed to study the incidence of different pathological types of bladder tumors diagnosed at Ain Shams University Hospitals.
This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients admitted and treated for urinary bladder cancer along five years duration from January 2017 to December 2021.We applied our study on 1000 patients.
As regard demographic data and characteristics of the studied patients (age and sex), our study revealed that urinary bladder tumors were more frequent in age group of 57.34 ± 15.08 years with male predominance (86.0%). TCC and SCC were more frequent among males however, all adenocarcinoma cases were female.
As regard location of the tumors, our study revealed that most of tumors were located in posterior and posterolateral (right and left) parts of the urinary bladder 190 (19.0%), 200 (20%) and 170 (17.0%) followed by anterior wall 120 (12.0%) and domal part 120 (12.0%).
As regard pathology of the tumors, our study revealed that TCC was the most common type among our cases 945 (94.5%) followed by SCC 1.5%, adenocarcinoma 1.0% and others (3.0%).
As regard lymph nodes, metastasis and type of treatment, our study revealed that they couldn’t be detected in 90% of cases that proved that bladder tumors are usually localized with less liability of spread so most of cases (74%) treated by follow up cystoscopy with less need for radical cystectomy or chemo-radiotherapy. However, most of the SCC cases were positive lymph nodes (66.7%) with positive metastasis (66.7%) and required chemo-radio therapy
In conclusion, old age and male gender are important risk factors of bladder tumors.
Posterior and posterolateral parts of the urinary are advised to be examined well as most types of tumors originated from them.
Screening of bladder tumors should be scheduled for high risk cases as transitional cell carcinoma is frequent and it is the most common type of bladder cancers. It is less aggressive compared with SCC and early stages could be treated by follow up cystoscopy with no need for radical surgery or chemo-radiotherapy.