الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 158 |  |  |
| | | from | 158 | | |
Abstract
Periplaneta americana hemolymph possesses a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and hemolytic properties of hemolymph of nymph and adult hemolymph P. americana were investigated. The MTT results showed that both extracts possessed selective cytotoxicity against HepG 2 and MCF-7. No cytotoxicity was observed on normal erythrocytes or lung normal cells. Nymph hemolymph P. americana showed a higher degree of cytotoxicity (p < 0.001) than adults against tested cancer cell lines and the IC50 of nymph in 48 h is better than the nymph in 72h against HepG 2.
However, the adult hemolymph P. americana exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than that of a nymph with the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (35 mm). In addition, the adult hemolymph possessed a high degree of antiviral activity against HSV1(30.7%). Likewise, the hemolymph extracts of adults displayed greater DPPH radical-scavenging activity (30.9%) than nymphs. SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of about five additional protein bands in nymph hemolymph than in adults.
During the current study, the in vivo antitumor activity of adult hemolymph of P. americana hemolymph on Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) was evaluated. To achieve this goal, the following steps have been taken. The solid tumor-induced mice were randomly divided into six groups each of six mice per group in addition to the 7th group of the normal mice that considered as a negative control group. The seven groups were categorized as follows:
group 1 (G1): Negative control, 6 normal mice received 0.2 ml saline solution (0.9% NaCl) via the intraperitoneal injected (IP) for 12 sequential days. group 2 (G2): Positive control, 6 solid tumor-bearing mice, were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml saline (0.9 % NaCl) for 12 successive days.
group 3 (G3): Cisplatin-treated group, 6 solid tumor-bearing mice, were intraperitoneally treated with 25 mg/kg of cisplatin for 12 consecutive days. group 4 (G4): IP hemolymph treated group; 6 solid tumor-bearing mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg of hemolymph extracted crude for 12 successive days. group 5 (G5): Cisplatin+ hemolymph (mix), 6 mice with solid tumors were intraperitoneally injected with (200 mg/kg hemolymph + 25 mg/kg cisplatin) for 12 sequential days. group 6 (G6): Intratumoral (IT) hemolymph-treated group, 6 solid tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally treated with 200 mg/kg of hemolymph for 12consecutive days. Group7 (G7): Intratumoral cisplatin + hemolymph (mixed), 6 solid tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with (200 mg/kg hemolymph + 25 mg/kg cisplatin) for 12 consecutive days.
At the end of the treatment period, mice of all groups were sacrificed then tissue and blood were collected for histological examination and biochemical and hematological measurements. The results were summarized as follows:
Histopathological examination: The hemolymph of P. americana affects the skeletal muscle of EST-bearing mice showed hemolymph in IP treated group and cisplatin-treated mice had less degree of necrosis compared to the other group. The results showed that vital organs such as the liver, kidney, and spleen had remarkable inflammatory and necrotizing toxic effects of P. americana hemolymph on mice liver with no remnant of liver tissues. It also induced tubular necrosis of renal tubular kidney tissue, and lymphoid hyperplasia with significant congested red pulp in spleen tissue after treatment for 12 days. These findings concluded that P. americana hemolymph has prominent hepato-renal and splenic cytotoxic effects of Solid Ehrlich carcinoma cells bearing mice.
The activities of serum ALT, AST, and ALP liver enzymes were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in comparison with negative control and positive control
groups. In creatinine, kidney enzymes showed that most treated groups had no significant change in serum creatinine levels in comparison with a positive control group and a negative control group.
The hematological revealed the cisplatin, mix IP, hemolymph IT, and mix IT treated groups the hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in comparison with the positive control group and the levels of total WBC count showed a significant increase in the levels in all groups (p < 0.05) when compared with the positive and negative groups. In addition, treated groups and the negative control group the total platelets count was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in comparison with the positive group.