الفهرس 
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Abstract
The energy demand is increased with the population grow. This is accompanied by a shortage of resources available for energy production, such as fossil fuel, from which energy production causes negative effects on the environment. Therefore, the interest in renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy has all attention because their use is clean, free-fuel cost and unfailing.
Standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most common and practical application in remote areas and communities far from the power grid. However, in case of supplying a pulsating load with only battery as a storage unit, their performance degraded. In this context, hybrid electrical energy storage (HEESS) represents a viable solution. This thesis investigates the impact of utilizing the supercapacitor (SC) to work cooperatively with the battery storage unit to enhance the overall system behavior. Then, an energy management system (EMS) control strategy is proposed to enhance the HEES system’s performance. A PI-based controller is designed and examined to control the power electronic converters and hence improve energy management. The HEESS operation is simulated and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink to feed a pulsating load. Finally, the performance of the two hybrid systems with /without supercapacitors is evaluated and the results are presented.
The results obtained proved that the performance of hybrid electrical energy storage system improved with using supercapacitor, in terms of dynamic response, load terminal voltage and current ripples, battery current and voltage, PV voltage and current fluctuations.