الفهرس 
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Abstract
The obtained data of the present study could be summarized as follow:
- The most frequently isolated fungal diseases on harvested bulbs in El-Minya governorate, Egypt were primarily caused by eight fungal genera: Aspergillus, Pencicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Stemphylium and Sclerotium cepivorum.
- The genus Fusarium was the most frequency eight Fusarium isolates were subjected for pathogenicity tests, that revealed various infectability to rot garlic cloves cv Sids 40. The strongest two virulent isolates fusarium (F1 and F2) were concerned and confirmed their identification as Fusarium subglutinans (F1) and Fusarium solani (F2).
- In vitro experiment gives a promising data that explore the beneficial use PAA PS and SA mixture to reduce garlic cloves rot caused by Fusarium subglutinans or Fusarium solani infection. Soaking garlic cloves in the solution tested individually for 24h before inoculation resulted in satisfied protection values particularly at the highest concentration tested. A concentration of PPA (0.2 gm/l AA + 2 gm/l H2O2) compound PAA was superior to protect garlic cloves against Fusarium subglutinans 44.52% or Fusarium solani 50% protection followed by SA mixture (0.2 gm/l AA +0.2 gm/l SA + 0.02 gm/l Mn + 0.02 gm/l Zn) that provided 38.97% and 24.66% protection against Fusarium solani and Fusarium subglutinans, respectively. Potassium silicate was effective to protect garlic cloves rot caused by Fusarium subglutinans 38.36% more than Fusarium solani protection (13.24%).
- The field experiment which conducted in sandy soils showed effiniciy for solutions tested in improving in garlic growth, production and storability. When individual garlic cloves soaking test solution 12 h preplant or foliar sprayings three times at 40, 60, 80 days old plant. The plant growth, production and storability improvement was obtained via garlic cloves soaking + foliar sprayings.
- Application of PS seed socking plus PAA foliar and PAA seed socking plus PS foliar resulted the most plant height 25.74% ,23.14% increase respectively. Meanwhile, SA seed soaking plus PAA foliar caused the least plant height as compared to control
- Application of seed cloves soaking plus foliar treatments were significate increased number of leaves per plant. Using PAA soaking treatment plus PAA foliar treatment enhanced number of leaves per plant 13.79% followed by PS soaking treatment plus PS foliar treatment 13.10 % and SA soaking treatment plus SA foliar treatment 11.03 %. Using PS seed soaking Plus PAA foliar Spraying resulted in the most efficiency to enhanced number of leaves per plant 24.83 % followed by PAA seed soaking plus PS foliar Spray 22.07 % and PAA soaking treatment plus PAA foliar treatment 13.79%. However, the least efficiency was obtained so PAA plus SA treatment 4.83% followed by PS soaking treatment plus SA foliar treatment 7.59%. However, bulbing ratio was not affected at any development growth stage 120, 140 and 165 by any treatments tested
- Using SA soaking and foliar sprayings was ranked the second after PAA to increase fresh weight by 10.41% weight increase as compared to individual application. Individually garlic seed soaking or foliar sprayings were effective to enhance fresh weight significantly but lesser than garlic seed cloves soaking plus foliar sprayings. Soaking seed cloves PAA plus foliar sprayings PAA caused significant increase in garlic fresh yield by 23.69% as compared to control seed cloves.
- As for cured yield, all treatments applied as garlic seed cloves soaking plus foliar sprayings were positively affected cured weight. Application of PAA as seed cloves soaking and foliar sprayings achieved the greatest cured weight by 28.88% than control followed by PS 24.09% and SA mixture 15.48% over the control.
- An obvious improvement to six-month storage were observed by six treatments PAA seed soaking plus PAA foliar spraying, PAA seed soaking plus PS foliar spraying, SA seed soaking plus PAA foliar spraying, PAA seed soaking plus SA foliar spraying, PS seed soaking plus PS foliar spraying, SA seed soaking plus PS foliar spraying. The most effective was PAA seed soaking plus PAA foliar spraying 50.70% followed by PAA seed soaking plus PS foliar spraying 50.19%, SA seed soaking plus PAA foliar spraying 32.25, PS seed soaking plus PS foliar spraying 21.79%, PAA seed soaking plus SA foliar spraying 20.76%. Application of PAA seed soaking plus PAA foliar give the most weight loss reduction (53.47%) followed by PAA seed soaking plus PS foliar (45.30%).
- Among nine Sequently treatment, PAA seed treatments plus PAA foliar sprayings appeared the most carry over effects against garlic cloves rot in case F. suglutinans and F. solani infection (16.23%), (17.49%) respectively.