الفهرس 
Frequency distribution of socio-demographic data among the studied subjectOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Substance abuse is a major problem worldwide considered to be a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking by continued use despite serious negative socioeconomic and health consequences, loss of control over drug use, unsuccessful attempts or desire to control use, reduction of social and occupational activities and adversely impact employment outcomes for persons in the general population. Substance use disorder have distorted thinking, behavior and body functions, changes in the areas of the brain that relate to judgment, decision making, learning, memory and behavior control. Substance abuser may be aware of their problem , but unable to stop it even if they want to. That leading cause of preventable illnesses and premature death (Chen et al., 2019).
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of expressed emotion management program on self control and social adjustment among substance abusers.
This aim was achieved through:-
-Assessing level of self-control and social adjustment among substance abusers.
-Designing expressed emotion management program for self-control and social adjustment.
-Implementing expressed emotion management program on substance abusers.
- Evaluating the effect of expressed emotion management program on the level of self control and social adjustment among substance abusers.
Research hypothesis
Expressed emotion management program had a positive effect on enhancement of self control and social adjustment among substance abusers.
Research Design:
A quasi experimental research design (pre and post test ) were used to achieve the aim of the study.
Research Setting:
This study was conducted at Addiction Treatment Center and Addiction Clinic at the Psychiatric Mental Health Hospital in Benha City, Qalubia Governorate, which is affiliated to general secretariat.
Research subject:-
Sample technique:
A purposive sample of 40 substance abusers was included from the above setting for conducting of this study. This sample met the following inclusion criteria:
Inclusion criteria:-
1- Sex : male
2- Able to communicate relevantly and willing and agreeing to participate in the study.
3- Free from any organic brain disorders and other psychotic disorders.
Tools of data collection:-
1-Tool (1):- A structured Interview Questionnaire, developed by the researcher & consisted of two parts:
Part 1:- Socio-demographic data: To elicit data about the patients’ characteristics.
Part II:- Clinical data: To elicit data about (History of substance abuse).
2-Tool (2) : Self-Control Scale:
Self-Control Scale was developed by Tangney et al.,( 2004) .This scale to assess self-control for substance abuser . It contains 36 items rated on a 3 point scale (1 = rarely, sometimes =2 and 3 = always). The items are divided into five subscale: 11item of them to measure factor of general capacity for self-discipline; 10 items to measure deliberate/non impulsive action; 5 items to measure healthy habits; 5 items to measure work ethics; and 5 items to measure reliability .
Scoring system of the scale:
from (1) to (35) low self-control
from (36) to (71) moderate self-control
from (72) to (108) high self-control.
3-Tool (3): Social Adjustment Scale (SAS):
Social Adjustment Scale was developed by Abdel Wahab, (1990 ). This was designed to assess the substance abusers social adjustment of different life domains. It was translated into Arabic by Abdel Salam, (2011). This scale composed of 40 item in the form rating scale ranging from (1 = low, 2= moderate and 3 = high degree). The items are divided into five subscale, 8 items to measure the performance of the substance abusers during treatment, 10 items to measure substance abusers’ activities of daily living, 12 items to measure social performance, 5 items to measure personal hygiene and 5 items to measure substance abusers interesting in external events.
Scoring system of the scale:
Less than (61) low social adjustment
from (62) to (99) moderate adjustment.
from (100) to (120) high adjustment.
The findings of this study can be summarized in the following:
• Less than half of the studied subject aged between 35-<45 years old with mean ±SD 36.7 ± 8.63 years.
• More than one-third of them had secondary education and less than half of them were married.
• All of them were working and less than two-thirds of them their monthly income was not enough.
• Less than half of them live with their family and half of them turn to their friends when they had a problem.
• Less than half of the studied subject their duration of substance abused ranged from 5 to 10 years.
• Majority of them were addicts for Banjo and hashish respectively and more than half of them addict three types of substances respectively.
• All of them take substance daily
• Majority of the studied subject tried treatment form substance abuse more than three times..
• There was a highly statistical significant improvement in the mean score of all items of self-control post expressed emotion management program than pre intervention program at (P= < 0.01)
• There was a marked improvement in the mean score of all items of social adjustment as well as total social adjustment mean score post intervention than pre intervention with statistical significance difference between pre and post implementation expressed emotion management program at (P value = < 0.000).
• There were a highly statistically significant relation between total patients’ self-control at post-intervention and their age, level of education monthly income and with whom they live at (P= < 0.001). While, there was no statistically significant relation with their marital status at (P= > 0.05).
• There were a highly statistically significant relation between total patients’ self-control at post-intervention and their duration of substance abuse, number of substances that abused and attempt to stop substance abused at (P= < 0.001).
• There were a highly statistically significant relation between total patients’ social adjustment at post-intervention and their age, level of education monthly income and with whom they live at (P= < 0.01). While, there was no statistically significant relation with their marital status at (P= > 0.05).
• There were a highly statistically significant relation between total patients’ social adjustment at post-intervention and their duration of substance abuse, number of substances that abused and attempt to stop substance abused at (P= < 0.01).
• There were a high significant statistical positive correlation between total self control and total social adjustment of the studied subject.
• There were high significant statistical negative correlation between causes of relapse from substance abused and both of self control and social adjustment among the studied subject at pre implementation of program.
from the result of present study, one can conclude that:
• The study demonstrated that expressed emotion management program had a positive effect on enhancement of self-control and social adjustment among substance abusers. There was a highly positive significant correlation between self-control of the studied patients and their social adjustment at post intervention of expressed emotion management program.
Based on the previous findings of the present study, the following recommendations were suggested:
Stress management, assertiveness training and social skill training program should be given to substance abuser to relieve their psychological problems and enhance their coping patterns.
psycho educational program that educated substance abuser about causes, early detection, prevention and management of addiction and how to cope with their problems effectively .