الفهرس 
Chapter One: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The rail profile discontinuity in turnout crossings (in facing and trailing moves) causes major impact loads which significantly reflect in the maintenance cost and their service life, comparing the maintenance cost of the switches and crossings (S&C) with other track parts led us to figure out the high cost of (S&C) maintenance. This high-cost indicators lead us to study their reasons and find solutions to reduce them.
This research is motivated by these questions: -
• How to analyze the short-term performance of turnout crossings during a wheel-set passage?
• Reviewing the influencing factors that can affect the wheel/rail interaction at turnout crossings and what is their effect.
• How to analyze the long-term performance of the turnout crossings to assess their performance under repeated loading of a wheel-set?