الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is considered a major health problem worldwide. In spite of continuous improvements in chemotherapies and immunotherapies, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects occur resulting in therapeutic limitations. Accumulating evidence unveils the role of gut microbiota in outlining cancer chemo/ immunotherapeutic efficacy and toxicity. On the other hand, anticancer treatments by themselves can significantly change the gut microbial composition, thus disrupting homeostasis and exacerbating discomfort to the patient. Thus, manipulation of the microbiota can be considered in order to enhance the therapeutic outcome or at least to ensure a better quality of life to cancer patients. At the crossroad between cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy is the use of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent whose anticancer functions are suggested to be linked to microbiota through the stimulation of anticancer immunity.
In view of such consideration, the present study was designed to: A) Explore the possible impact of gut-immune-brain axis modulation by vancomycin (glycopeptide antibiotic), neomycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic) and probiotics; Lactobacillus delbruekii and fermentum, on cyclophosphamide efficacy and toxicity in mice (the Experimental Study). B) Explore and compare the status of depression and/or anxiety among hospitalized ALL patients undergoing treatment with cyclophosphamide and broad spectrum antibiotics (the clinical Study).