الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study carried out in the farm and laboratory of Fruit and Ornamentals Breeding Department and Biotechnology Research lab, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. For evaluation of pomegranate healthy progenies resulted from open and selfing pollination or hybridization between some local pomegranate cultivars. At the farm of Shandaweel Island Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Egypt we selected twenty out of two hundreds F1 trees according to their yield and evaluated during two growing seasons 2019 and 2020 for the measure several morphological quantitative and qualitative characters. Besides, selecting progenies that have superior yield and quality traits. In addition, the experiment aimed to propagate of selected progenies through tissue culture techniques by using single node and leaf explants. Moreover using tissue culture to improve of selected progenies by anther culture. The molecular studies used the Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker to assess the genetic relationship among the selected progenies of pomegranate and parental genotypes.
The study included twenty F1 trees (ten years old) resulting from Manfalouty open pollinated (MOP1- MOP2 – MOP3 – MOP4 – MPO5), Manfalouty self-pollinated (MSP1 – MSP2 – MSP3 – MSP4 – MSP5), Manfalouty ♀ X Nab El-Gamal ♂ (MN1 –MN2 – MN3 – MN4 – MN5), and Tahrir open pollinated (TOP1 – TO2 – TOPP3 – TOP4 – TOP5). Five trees from each progeny were evaluated Vegetative growth, yield, and fruit characteristics. The obtained results indicated that there is a wide variation in each of these traits among the studied progenies.
Finally, we can conclude from our result the following
1- The pomegranate progenies under the present study were widely differed in their growth, yield and physiochemical properties as well as the genetic structure, which was obtained by SCoT analysis.
2- Variations among these progenies could be mainly due to their genetically and adaptability differences.
3- Additionally, selecting the best hybrids from these programs with highly adapted strains to Egyptian conditions with wide ranges of ripening dates to meet orders of local and international markets.
4- Anther culture can be successfully used to obtain a clone very quickly from pomegranate and using it in the pomegranate breeding programs.