الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of Ain Chams Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ”ACGEB”, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, during the period from 2016 to 2022.
Broiler chicken is the second most important source of meat (white meat) and animal protein. It is also a cheap protein source compared to other meat sources. However, in the recent period, the poultry industry, especially broiler chicken, has been affected by the increase in production costs, especially the increase in feed prices, as well as climate changes affecting agricultural areas, and there has been intense competition between the cultivation of strategic crops needed for human food and the cultivation of fodder crops. The dependence of some countries on importing feed crops also led to an increase in production costs.
Therefore, the researchers resorted to searching for new feed alternatives that are equivalent and superior to traditional feeds in the nutrients that make up the diet, with high nutritional value and lower production costs.
The aim of this study is to test the use of live black soldier larvae (LBSFL) as an alternative diet to the traditional diet by including it in graduated proportions within the traditional diet. As well as studying the effect of the alternative diet, (LBSFL), on the total weight of the bird and the productive characteristics, as well as examining its effect on the protein profiles in some parts of the carcass, such as the thigh and breast area. Choosing the optimal percentage to be replaced from the total traditional diet.
One hundred fattening day-old chicks (Cobb) were reared at the beginning of the experiment on conventional diet for 7 days. After that, the best sixty-nine-day-old fattening chicks were selected and divided equally into five experimental groups to start feeding with live black soldier fly larvae partly from the traditional diet, and the proportions were 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. During the experiment, the necessary measures were taken to calculate the productive characteristics of the tested birds (the weight at different ages - the weight of the provided diet during the experiment - the weight of the birds at the end of the experiment before and after slaughtering - the weight of the breast area). Samples were also taken from the breast and thigh area to estimate protein concentration using Bradford, as well as examining the protein profiles of breast and thigh muscles by SDS-PAGE.
The following results were obtained
1- After the statistical analysis of the data of the breeding experiments, it was found that there were significant differences in the live weights of the birds that fed on percentages of LBSFL compared to the birds that fed on the control diet. It was found that there was superiority in weight of the live birds fed on 30% of LBSFL, followed by those fed 20% of the same diet, compared to the live weight of birds fed on the traditional diet. When the weight of the carcass fed on live black soldier larvae was compared with the carcass fed on the traditional diet, it was found that there was a significant difference in the carcass weight of different treatments compared to that fed on the traditional diet. It was also found that the carcass resulted from feeding 30% of live black soldier larvae was superior to all other percentages and the control feeding, and was followed by that fed on 20% live larvae.
2- After statistical data analysis of the weights of the breast region of different percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) of LBSFL feeding. It was found that there were significant differences between the weights of the breast resulting from all treatments as compared to the traditional feeding (control). It was also found that the weight of the breast region resulted from 30% feeding of live larvae was superior to all other treatments as well as the control, followed by feeding 20% of black soldier fly larvae.
3- After statistical analysis of data of the gained weight of the birds fed on LBSFL as compared with the traditional diet, it was found that the birds fed on 30% of the live larvae were superior to the traditional feeding of the birds at the age of 37 days. It was also found that birds fed on 20% were more than the traditional feeding, but were less in gaining weight than the 30% feeding rate of larvae. It was also found that the weight gained by feeding 40% and 50% was better than the traditional feeding, but it was lower than the previous percentages (20%- 30%).
4- Feed intake showed statistical significancy, between the treatments fed on different percentages of larvae and the control (traditional diet) after37 days of feeding. An increase in feed intake in the 40% and 50% treatments that fed on as compared to the traditional diet. It was also observed that the treatments fed on 30% and 20% of live larvae were similar in the amount of feed intake with the traditional feeding, but they were lower in the amount of feed intake compared to the previous ratios.
5- The feed conversion rate was calculated for all experiments and it was found that it was better when feeding with 20% of black soldier fly larvae at the age of 37 days than traditional feeding, followed by that fed with 30% for the same age, but the feed conversion rate was negatively affected for 40% and 50% of larvae when estimated at the age of 37 days, compared to traditional diet.
6- After estimating the protein concentration in breast and thigh samples by Bradford, it was found that there is no significant difference between those extracted from the breast and thigh region (myofibrial muscle protein and sarcoplasmic protein) of birds fed on LBSFL and birds that fed on alternative diet.
7- After analyzing the SDS-PAGE of the proteins extracted from the breast and thigh region (myofibrial protein and sarcoplasmic protein), it was found that there were no differences or changes in the protein profiles of both regions resulting from birds fed on LBSFL compared to the protein profiles of the same two regions in Birds fed on traditional diet. from the previous results, we find that feeding on the BSFL does not cause any negative effect on the birds that fed on it as compared to the birds fed on the traditional suspension.
According to the findings of this study, found that:
1- Feeding LBSFL does not negatively affect the final weight of the bird, as well as maintaining the ideal weight for the commercial market, without any disturbance the weight of breast (a desirable trait in chicken).
2- There is no negative effect when feeding LBSFL on the feed conversion rate of the bird at the age of 37 days in the case of replacing the traditional diet by 20 or 30% of the LBSFL.
3- There was no noticeable change in the protein profile in the muscles of the breast and thigh region after examining the myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins, the two main components in the formation of muscle proteins. This is evidence that the characteristics of the quality of meat associated with the integrity of the formation of these proteins did not change also. This confirms that feeding with LBSFL does not affect the protein pattern involved in the formation of meat quality traits.
As shown by these results, the following is recommended:
It is recommended to replace part of the traditional and expensive diet with a similar part (20-30%) of LBSFL. using of LBSFL as an alternative diet with high nutritional value, great economic feasibility and low cost compared to traditional diet.