الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stroke, particularly AIS, is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability globally. The complexity of AIS demands ongoing exploration of predictive and diagnostic tools. Although tools like the NIHSS and mRS are widely used, their limitations have led to the investigation of objective biomarkers such as serum S100B protein, ONSD, and TCCD.
Biomarkers in AIS management are increasingly recognized for their predictive value. S100B Protein, released into the bloodstream following brain injury, has been correlated with infarct volume and clinical outcomes. ONSD, a non-invasive ultrasound technique, can estimate ICP and may indicate intracranial hypertension and brain edema. TCCD measures CBF velocity, with the PI of the MCA recognized as an independent predictor of poor outcome. These innovative biomarkers collectively present promising opportunities for more precise and personalized care in AIS patients