الفهرس 
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Abstract
Large-scale energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors need to be improved through a sustainable production process at competitive rates despite the increasing advancement of renewable energy sources. Given their exceptional energy density, extremely long life, and quick freight rate, supercapacitors are an ideal alternative energy storage system. Furthermore, by storing energy with lightweight, inexpensive, and eco-friendly materials, supercapacitors can help with renewable energy sources to stop global warming. Supercapacitors need electrode materials with specific characteristics in order to attain a higher energy density, such as high surface areas with proper pore engineering, high electrical connections, and chemical stability. Consequently we fabricated porous carbons made from food waste are gaining popularity as environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and effective electrode materials for energy storage. The development of new carbon nanostructures has the potential to considerably improve electrochemical performance. In this thesis, we describe the use of nitrogen-enriched hollow porous carbon made from spoiled grapes to provide inexpensive and effective storage. The activated hollow carbon nanosphere (AH-Csp) generated from the rotting grape precursor achieves the capacitance of 375 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 in a KOH-based electrolyte thanks to its ultrahigh specific surface area of 2756 m2 g- 1 and good wettability features. The symmetric supercapacitor device (AH-Csp//AH-Csp) is designed to have high energy density (26.33 Wh kg-1) and power density (400 W kg-1) while also having outstanding cyclability (only 5.74% capacity fading after 12000 cycles). This approach opens the door to the development of effective and economical electrode materials for reliable, scalable, and cost-effective energy storage systems.