الفهرس 
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Abstract
Transvaginal aspiration of equine oocytes (TVA) is one of the well-developed assisted reproduction technologies (ART) in the equine industry which is commonly used to collect oocytes for in vitro production of embryo (IVP). This work aimed to determine the effect of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration in mares on ovarian folliculogenesis by monitoring ovarian follicular and luteal hemodynamics using Doppler ultrasonography associated with circulating estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), horse insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1). In addition, nitric oxide (NO), total proteins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, catalase, glutathione reduce and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) before and after transvaginal follicle aspiration were determined. Five pluriparous aged mares 15-18 years old were scanned using the ultrasound-Doppler scanner to determine ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, and uterine dynamics and hemodynamics for three complete successive estrous cycles before follicles aspiration where Day 0 was the day of ovulation and for 12 to15 days after first and second dominant follicle aspiration where Day 0 was the day of aspiration. Blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. The effect of the day of the estrous cycle before or after follicle aspiration on the studied parameters was statistically analyzed. Results showed that follicle diameter, antral diameter, follicle area, antral area, and granulosa area linearly declined (P<0.0001) from the dominant, subordinate1, to reach the lowest one for the subordinate 2, The dominant follicle granulosa area showed a significant increase in the Day 1(P<0.0001), Day 5 (P<0.05) and Day 10 compared to the subordinate follicle. Days of the estrous cycle influenced the uterine horn color area (P<0.05), the uterine horn color area % (P<0.05), CL color area (P<0.05), CL color area % (P=0.05), E2 (P<0.0001), and NO levels (P<0.0001). CL area decreased (P<0.05) and blood flow area insignificantly declined after follicle aspiration compared to that developed after spontaneous ovulation till Days 12 and for the first four days and Day 15. After spontaneous ovulation, uterine horns’ diameters increased but the uterine horns color area % decreased on Day 2 and Day 9 and throughout the days from Day 2 to Day 12. No significant difference was existed between the cholesterol concentration after spontaneous ovulation or dominant follicle aspiration. In conclusion, the aspiration of the large follicle simulates ovulation in mares as indicated by the luteinization of the partially aspirated follicle with its development to the corpus luteum. Also, the uterine horn diameter, area and blood flow hemodynamics did not vary after the dominant follicle aspiration. The progesterone concentrations increased after dominant follicle aspiration and for 12 days as compared to the normal CL developed after spontaneous ovulation.