الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Petroleum industry is one of the most important profitable sectors in Egypt. Hydrocarbons participate in many activities including heating systems, power supply, and vehicles. There are eleven petroleum ports in Egypt. Accidents could happen during stages of exploration, production, transport, and storage (Xu, et al., 2018). Spills and leakages of petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most dangerous accidents. In July 2019, oil stains covered 150 meters in Ras Gharib in the Red Sea governorate extending to other areas and covering 1500 meters off the coastal area (Abdelrady, 2019). In June 2010, Jebel Al-Zayt oil spill accident, known as the largest oil spill in Egyptian history, polluting approximately 160 km of North Red Sea coastline (Leach, 2014). These spills and leakages may contain carcinogenic, mutagenic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxin pollutants of petroleum products which cause environmental and health threats. Thus, more attention should be given to finding effective and economical technologies for the remediation of oil spills and protecting the environment (Tiwari, et al., 2016); (Elijah, 2022).