الفهرس 
Mechanical ventilationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Weaning from mechanical ventilation is the process of gradually reducing ventilatory support to patients who have required mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours(1). Determining the correct time to extubate mechanically ventilated patients is a crucial issue in critical care practice (2). Both premature and delayed extubation can prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and increase morbidity and mortality.(3) Therefore, accurate prediction of post-extubation distress and the early diagnosis of the causes responsible for failure of a trial of pressure support ventilation are of extreme importance to improve the prognosis of patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU(4). A spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is recommended to predict the weaning outcome. However, large proportion of patients who are extubated following a successful SBT experience respiratory failure within 48 hours (5, 6). Common indicators, such as respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), compliance, and the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), can reflect patients’ inherent conditions, but haven’t shown great prognostic accuracy for weaning failure.