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Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world. Despite its agronomic importance, sorghum production is constrained by both biotic and abiotic factors. Genetic engineering offers great tools to address these challenges. However, sorghum is among the most recalcitrant crops for genetic manipulation and the lack of an efficient regeneration system is amongst the chief reasons. In the present study we established a regeneration system, optimized the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions and developed transgenic sorghum expressing the NPK1 gene for drought tolerance. First, the callus induction and plant regeneration capacity of ten sorghum genotypes was investigated using 7 callus induction media and 3 regeneration media. The results revealed that embryogenic callus formation and regeneration were highly genotype dependent