الفهرس 
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Abstract
Generally, most of the food poisoning outbreaks from seafood
appear to be due to shellfish consumption, mainly gandoffli
because of its filter feeders pattern. Many microbes used as
indicator of hygienic status of several foods; one is Escherichia
coli which used to detect fecal pollution in water and shellfish.
Therefore, twenty Gandoffli samples randomly collected from
local markets at Ismailia city, Egypt, for evaluation of
Enterobacteriaceae counts, Identification of E. coli and detection
of phoA and Shiga toxin genes. The obtained results revealed that
the total enterobacteriaceae count of the gandoffli ranged from
7×102
to 7×105
cfu/g with an average of 5×104 ±3.5×104
cfu/g.
The occurrence of enterobacteriacea members in gandoffli were
represented by E. coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Enterobacter
hormaechei, Kelbsiella oxytoca, Stentrophomonas maltophilia,
Moraxella lacunata, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and ESBL E.
coli. In addition, the isolated E. coli from Gandoffli were
subsequently serologically typed into O103, O55, O 128, O126,O118
and O157 then confirmed using conventional polymerase chain
reaction by presence of alkaline phosphatase gene . Upon
checking virulence genes in E. coli: stx2 was absent in O157 and
O103. Also, stx1 was present in O157 and absent in O103. It could be
concluded that Gandoffli samples were exposed to inadequate
hygienic measures during harvest, transportation, storage or
handling that led to their contamination or bacterial overload from
different sources by foodborne pathogens.