الفهرس 
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Abstract
S
UMMARY
very year many individuals lose their lives to suicide which became a global burden. During the period of covid 19 and after it many individuals suffered from the psychosocial effect of covid such as dealing with psychiatric disorders such as grief due to lose of a loved one , stress due to financial problems and losing businesses also covid have been associated with post covid depression , OCD and other neurological disorders . Many individuals used substance such as alcohol, cannabis, Strox , tramadol , heroin to cope with these changes .
Furthermore, personality traits and disorders such as borderline , antisocial , avoidant and many more are found in substance use patients as those with such traits often are impulsive and use substance to cope with their mood swings . They are at high risk to commit suicide many had multiple attempts by using drugs, or self-injury.
This study aimed to investigate the suicide risk in male substance abuse patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In literature, the links between covid 19 and suicide are controversial, which ranged from negative to positive associations. Some studies have reported increase in suicide during covid 19 while others have demonstrated decrease in suicide during covid 19 or even no association especially in relation to substance abuse and no studies have taken place in Cairo.
E
Summary
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The current study is a cross-sectional study. The clinical sample of this study consists of 160 participants. The sample was collected from august 2022 till February 2023.
All subjects involved in the study were subjected to:
1. A written informed consent.
2. Full patient history: by using a designed sheet for personal history and assessment of the following domains: personal data, social and income status, employment status, and family history of psychiatric disorder.
3. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I).
4. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders (SCID-II)
5. Addiction severity index (ASI).
6. Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
The statistical tests used include Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The p-values and significance levels.
The variables examined include age, marital status, children, residence, education, family history of addiction, occupation, COVID-19 exposure, onset and duration and types substance abuse, personality disorders and suicidal behaviors.
Summary
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The main findings of this study were:
Covid 19 had significant association with increase in suicide ideations and attempts.
In addition, Results showed that personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder were significantly associated with death wish, ideation, and suicide attempts.
Cannabis use was the most prevalent followed by tramadol, heroin, due to their availability and price ranges. Also, many individuals used anticholinergics and benzodiazepines. However, among younger patients ICE and strox were more prevalent.
Individuals with polysubstance were more likely to have suicidal thoughts and behaviors. While we didn’t find a significant association between individual substance and suicide risk.
Finally, this study revealed that family history of addiction was significantly associated with increased suicide risk. while other sociodemographic data such as age, marital status and occupation were not statistically significant however they increased the risk of suicide.