الفهرس 
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Abstract
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UMMARY
emodynamic changes during weaning from mechanical ventilation plays important role in completing the process of weaning and extubation.
Transthoracic echocardiography can accurately detect changes in central hemodynamics induced by the SBT. It helps the attending physician to identify patients at high risk of weaning failure, when documenting a lower cardiac index and low TAPSE values.
The best cut off point for CI by echo at the end of SBT to differentiate between failed and success extubation cases was found ≤ 4.8l/m2/min with sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 78.95% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.79.
The best cut off point for TAPSE level during PS to differentiate between failed and success extubation cases was found ≤ 1.61cm with sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 73.68% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.695 while the best cut off point for TAPSE level at the end of SBT to differentiate between failed and success extubation cases was found ≤ 1.65cm with sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 81.58% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.766.
Values of cardiac index measured by ICON are not identical to that measured by echocardiography; however there is
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Summary
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a strong positive correlation between values measured by both of them.
High BNP levels>6000 pg/ml during PS can predict weaning failure with sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 82.86%.