الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
These experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in the newly reclaimed sandy soil in the Abu Ghaleb area, Giza Governorate, Egypt, during both seasons of 2019 and 2020. The plastic houses used where 40 m in length, 6 m in width, and 3.2 m in height. The plastic house was divided into 5 planting lines each 50 cm wide, and 20 cm height where then tomato seedlings were transplanted 50 cm apart. The plastic cover was a local-UV-treated polyethylene sheet of 7 m in width and 180 -200 micron in thickness.
The Rosalina F1 tomato commercial hybrid was selected for these two studies. This tomato hybrid was characterized by high fruit productivity and quality as fruit color and firmness when grown under greenhouses in terms of disease resistance. The hybrid seeds were planted in the nursery on 5/9/2019 for the first and second season. Then, after 35 days, on 10/10/2019 the tomato seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse in the soil or the pots.
The pot experiments.
The tomato seedlings were transplanted in pots measuring 30 cm in diameter and a depth of 30 cm from the same soil (sandy soil) as the first experiment and received the same parameters as the first experiment and in the same greenhouse. The planting dates were the same as the previous dates.
There were five treatments:
1- Chicken manure 2- Plant compost 3- Animal compost
4- Chemical fertilizers 5- Humic acid + Chemical fertilizers.
The most important results can be as summarized follows:
First: The soil experiment
1- The highest values of tomato leaf blade length, stem thickness and average fruit weight were obtained with the treatment of chicken manure.
2- While the treatment of plant compost recorded the highest values of the plant height, the number of leaves per plant and the number of fruit per plant.
3- The lowest values of the unmarketable yield in 2019 was 83.30 grams, with the treatment of plant compost, and was 88.33 grams in the 2020 season. with chicken manure fertilizer.
4- While the highest values of unmarketable yield were found when the animal compost was used.
5- The chicken manure application led to the highest values for phosphorous in the two seasons, and chlorophyll (SPAD reading).
6- For nitrogen and calcium percentages, the highest concentration were recorded with the treatment of plant compost.
7- As for potassium, the highest value was recorded with animal compost fertilizer treatment in the two seasons.
8- As for the fruit firmness, the highest values were recorded with the treatment of chicken manure in both seasons.
9- It was found that the total plant yield crop the weight of the marketable yield recorded the highest values with chicken manure 1673 and 1586 g (the weight of the unmarketable yield of the plant 87 g) in the 2019 season, and 1628 and 1540 g (the weight of the unmarking crop for each plant 88 g) in the 2020 season.
10- There were no statistically significant differences between chicken manure fertilizer and plant compost in most cases.
11- There were no significant differences for on the fruit total acidity in both seasons.
12- Lowest values of all studied parameters of tomato plants were recorded with chemical fertilizers or with humic acid + chemical fertilizers.
Second: The pot experiments
1- The results showed the quantity and quality of the tomato crop, and it was found that the total marketing total crop, the number of fruits, the total acidity and vitamin C were in favor of the treatment of chicken manure fertilizer.
2- The effect of chicken manure fertilizer was important in both seasons of study. On the other hand, the lowest shopping values in 2019 were 53.3 g and 37 g in 2020 with the treatment of chicken manure fertilizer,
3- It was the highest values of the unmarketable yield when treating tomatoes with the treatment of chemical fertilizers, 93 and 85 g in both seasons, respectively, and this capacity was not desirable in the production of tomato crop.
4- The total plant yield, marketable yield and vitamin C content showed the lowest values when using the chemical fertilizer and Humic acid treatment in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively.
5- The contents of the nutrients in tomato leaves such as: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and calcium, as well as the reading of chlorophyll (SPAD) and the color of the fruits. The highest values of N and P and the Chlorophyll reading, and the color of the fruits were recorded with the treatment of chicken fertilizer, which is 2.65, 0.38 %, 54.6 SPAD and 5.7, respectively.
6- The animal compost fertilizer and the treatment of plant compost the highest concentration of K, Ca %, 4.2 and 2.92 %, respectively. The lowest P and K concentrations were recorded with chemical manure fertilizer treatment, 0.25 and 2.3 %, respectively.
7- In the 2020 season, the highest values of P, K, and chlorophylls were recorded for leaves, and the color of fruits using chicken manure fertilizer treatment, 0.41 %, 4.15 %, 53.7 SPAD and 5.6, respectively.
8- Plant compost and animal compost treatments gave the highest N concentration, 2.9 %. The lowest concentrations of P and K and chlorophyll were recorded with chemical fertilizer treatment, 0.2 and 2.3 %, 51 SPAD, respectively. Also, humic treatment recorded the lowest concentration of N, 2.6 %.
The following can be concluded:
Under the conditions of sandy soil, the general suggestion is that the use of poultry or vegetable compost as an organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in vegetative growth and the productivity of fruits, as well as the characteristics of the quality of fruits for tomato plants planted under protected cultivation. Finally, the best growth criteria, the highest amount and good quality of the tomato crop were with poultry fertilizer, plant compost and animal compost. The differences in growth factors, the amount and quality of the crop for previous transactions were non moral. The use of organic fertilizers had a positive and moral effect on tomato plants in sandy soils compared to chemical fertilizers or humic acid.
The results of the pot experiment were almost like the results of the field experiment. It was possible to use the experiment of pots in roof cultivation as well. Organic fertilizers can also be used as alternatives to chemical fertilizers by adding them in pots every 25 days.