الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion and/or action. Numerous antidiabetic drugs have wide range of side effects; therefore, researchers are exploring efficient natural therapeutic targets with less or no side effects. Natural products, including Bee Venom, derived bioactive molecules have been associated with improving insulin resistance and decreasing diabetic complications through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, nanotechnological applications in diabetes research have facilitated the development of novel applications which hold the potential to markedly improve quality of life for diabetic individuals. Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) acting as a hypoglycemic agent via impacting various
mechanisms such as insulin signaling, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism have been reported. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential biomedical applications of SeNPs alone or in combination with bee venom in type one diabetes management via in-vitro co-culture with the islets isolated from diabetic rats for 7 days. The induction of type 1 diabetes via single intra peritoneal injection of 65 mg/kg Streptozocin (STZ) was associated with a significant downregulation in the mRNA expression of VEGF, Irβ, IRS1, IGF-1, PCNA, PDX1, mTOR, Ngn3, BFGF and PPAR-γ compared to the islets isolated from the control nondiabetic rats. While the co-culture of the islets isolated from diabetic rats with SeNPs significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of only IGF-1, such co-culture with low/high concentration of Se/BV composite significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of VEGF, Irβ, IGF-1, PCNA, PDX1, mTOR, Ngn3, BFGF and PPAR γ, but not IRS1, compared to the islets isolated from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our study implementing a co-culture of BV, SeNPS, their mixture or composites at different levels with the islets isolated from diabetic rats denotes several potential protective effects and such agents should be suggested as promising candidates to possess diabetic protective effects that indeed need additional In-Vivo and In-Vitro studies.